Readiness for HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Decision Making Following Sexual Violence.

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection following sexual assault. However, only about half of people offered HIV PEP will initiate the medication. Factors associated with patient readiness for HIV PEP following sexual assault have been attributed to structural and clinical barriers.

Inference to the best action and its basis in clinical expertise.

Can contemporary cognitive science explain clinical expertise? We argue that the answer could be "no." In support of this, we provide an analysis of two of the most essential expressions of clinical expertise in nursing and medicine, the ability to run a code blue and the ability to diagnose congestive heart failure. We show how it makes sense to treat both as examples of what we call inference to the best action, and we then argue that two of the standard explanatory paradigms of cognitive science - the Humean and Bayesian paradigms - are unable to provide a plausible analysis of inference to the best action.

Call to Action: Academic Nursing's Role in Redesigning Health Care to Reduce the Human and Financial Cost of Health Inequities.

Health equity is an aspirational goal for health outcomes that can be achieved when systemic inequalities are addressed. The human cost of health inequities is without number; we can and must ameliorate health inequities. This essay summarizes the impact of continued health disparities and inequities in the United States and outlines the ways in which increasing diversity in the nursing workforce and graduating equity-minded nurses can promote innovation and problem-solving to address these disparities and inequities.

Enhancing Campus Safety: Exploring Student Perspectives on a Text Message-Delivered Intervention for Addressing Sexual Violence and Alcohol Use.

Background: Alcohol-related sexual violence, including sexual coercion, nonconsensual contact, and rape, is prevalent on college campuses.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate college students' feedback and recommendations regarding content for a text-message-delivered harm reduction intervention to jointly address alcohol use and alcohol's role in sexual violence risk.

Methods: This qualitative thematic study used focus groups and individual interviews to collect feedback from 61 college students between February 2019 and July 2020.

Patient and Provider Decision Making About HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Following Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Analysis.

To explore patient and health care provider HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) decision making following sexual assault, semistructured interviews regarding HIV PEP provision with 15 patients and 10 health care providers were conducted. A qualitative, descriptive, thematic analysis approach was used. Four themes were derived: (a) medical concerns; (b) emotional, trauma, and support factors; (c) daily medication management; and (d) ensuring access to HIV PEP.

Psychosocial Health Factors Among Men Reporting Recent Sexual Assault.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe psychosocial health factors in a community sample of men who sought care for sexual assault in the previous 3 months and who were recruited using Internet-based methods.

Methods: The cross-sectional survey assessed factors related to HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) uptake and adherence postsexual assault: HIV risk perception, HIV PEP self-efficacy, mental health symptoms, social responses to sexual assault disclosure, PEP costs, negative health habits, and social support.

Results: There were 69 men in the sample.

Application of trauma-informed care principles in academic nursing settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a multitude of changes in the ways nursing education, research, and practice are carried out. In addition to the demands of shifting to remote education as well as finding alternatives to direct patient care learning, nursing faculty and students are directly confronting morbidity and mortality among classmates, colleagues, friends, and family members. These experiences unquestionably meet criteria for traumatic experience, and this must be accounted for in nursing education as they can have detrimental effects on learning, teaching, and well-being.

NIH Funding of Violence Research by Institute, 2011 to 2020.

This study examines trends in violence research funding within and across National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutes/centers from 2011 to 2020.

Microaggressions, school satisfaction and depression: A national survey of nursing students.

Background: Microaggressions are thought to negatively impact learning and mental health in underrepresented (UR) nursing students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate three hypotheses in a sample of nursing students: (a) whether, compared to White nursing students, UR nursing students experienced higher frequency of microaggressions, (b) whether microaggressions predict lesser satisfaction with nursing training and (c) whether microaggressions are associated with higher depression screening scores.

Methods: A survey during Summer 2020 assessed 862 nursing students (71.

"Reclaiming Control" Patient Acceptance and Adherence to HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Following Sexual Assault.

Sexual assault is an irrefutable trauma; an insult to the autonomy of the person forced into sexual acts. Sexual assault sequelae range from physical injury and acute traumatic stress, to pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) following sexual assault may decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission.

Mobile Phone Apps for Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention and Response: Systematic Search on App Stores.

Background: Since the 2008 advent of the smartphone, more than 180 billion copies of apps have been downloaded from Apple App Store, with more than 2.6 million apps available for Android and 2.2 million apps available for iOS.

Sexual Assault Forensic Examiner Recruitment and Retention: Using Simulation to Teach a Trauma-Informed Interview.

Traditionally, sexual assault nurse examiner training focuses on examination skills and evidence collection. Gathering history and supporting the patient in a trauma-informed approach are equally important components of postassault care. Simulation is an established tool in healthcare education; however, there is limited research on applying simulation to the training of sexual assault nurse examiners.

Ready for Anything: A Holistic Approach to Training Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners.

Although numerous training options exist for sexual assault nurse examiner certification, most focus on specific certification-related content rather than on creating a holistic preparation for sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) practice. Holistic preparation may be preferable for SANE trainees who are early in their nursing careers or who have practiced in limited clinical environments. This article describes a holistic training approach implemented at a SANE training site funded by the Advanced Nursing Education initiative of the Health Resources and Services Administration.

Structural violence: A concept analysis to inform nursing science and practice.

This analysis is meant to elucidate the concept of structural violence and its implications for nursing science and practice. The concept of structural violence, also known as indirect violence, was first identified in the literature by peace researcher Johan Galtung. According to Galtung, structural violence broadly represents harm done to persons and groups through inequitable social, political, or economic structures.

Syndemic Psychosocial Health Conditions Associated with Recent Client-Perpetrated Violence Against Female Entertainment and Sex Workers in Cambodia.

Female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) are vulnerable to violence, which impedes safer sex behaviors and increases risk of HIV. FESW are also disproportionately affected by co-occurring psychosocial health conditions, including substance use, depression, and economic insecurity, which increased risk of exposure to violence. We used a syndemic framework to examine the effects of co-occurring psychosocial conditions on the risk of client-perpetrated physical and sexual violence against FESW.

A mixed-methods evaluation of college student and provider perspectives on a smartphone application for help-seeking after violence.

To elicit feedback on the acceptability, usability, and dissemination options for the bMOREsafe smartphone application (app). Forty-nine students and six service-providers provided feedback on the bMOREsafe app between April 2015 and March 2016. Students responded to an anonymous online survey and providers participated in semi-structured interviews.

Exploring Reproductive Coercion in Relationship Contexts Among Young Adult, Primarily African American Women at Three Women's Health Clinics.

Understanding reproductive coercion experiences in marginalized populations is important to assist in tailoring care and services. Reproductive coercion is consistently associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), engaging in sexual risk-taking, and is more commonly reported among non-White women. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a mixed methods study to examine reproductive coercion in relationship contexts among a sample ( = 130) of young adult, primarily African American women recruited from three women's health clinics; 12 also participated in an in-depth interview.

The impact of violence on sex risk and drug use behaviors among women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Background: Violence, substance use, and HIV disproportionately impact female entertainment and sex workers (FESW), but causal pathways remain unclear.

Methods: We examined data from an observational cohort of FESW age 15-29 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia for associations between violence exposure and sexual risk and drug use. Validated measures of physical and sexual violence were assessed at baseline.

Nonoccupational Postexposure Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylaxis: Acceptance Following Sexual Assault.

Background: Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV following sexual assault may decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission.

Objective: The purpose of this exploratory chart review study was to examine factors associated with patients accepting post-sexual assault nPEP at three forensic nurse examiner programs in urban settings.

Methods: Forensic nursing charts of patients presenting for acute sexual assault care were reviewed as part of a mixed-methods study.