Non-right-handedness, male sex, and regional, network-specific, ventral occipito-temporal anomalous lateralization in adults with a history of reading disability.

Based on historic observations that children with reading disabilities were disproportionately both male and non-right-handed, and that early life insults of the left hemisphere were more frequent in boys and non-right-handed children, it was proposed that early focal neuronal injury disrupts typical patterns of motor hand and language dominance and in the process produces developmental dyslexia. To date, these theories remain controversial. We revisited these earliest theories in a contemporary manner, investigating demographics associated with reading disability, and in a subgroup with and without reading disability, compared structural imaging as well as patterns of activity during tasks of verb generation and non-word repetition using magnetoencephalography source imaging.

Gaps in biomedical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities focused research.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of young-onset dementia before age 65, typically manifesting as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). Although FTD affects all populations across the globe, knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and genetics derives primarily from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Globally, biomedical research for FTD is hindered by variable access to diagnosis, discussed in this group's earlier article, and by reduced access to expertise, funding, and infrastructure.

Cross-Linguistic Analysis of Speech Markers: Insights from English, Chinese, and Italian Speakers.

Cross-linguistic studies with healthy individuals are vital, as they can reveal typologically common and different patterns while providing tailored benchmarks for patient studies. Nevertheless, cross-linguistic differences in narrative speech production, particularly among speakers of languages belonging to distinct language families, have been inadequately investigated. Using a picture description task, we analyze cross-linguistic variations in connected speech production across three linguistically diverse groups of cognitively normal participants-English, Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), and Italian speakers.

Anatomical and behavioural correlates of auditory perception in developmental dyslexia.

Developmental dyslexia is typically associated with difficulties in basic auditory processing and in manipulating speech sounds. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of auditory difficulties in developmental dyslexia (DD) and their contribution to individual clinical phenotypes are still unknown. Recent intracranial electrocorticography findings associated processing of sound amplitude rises and speech sounds with posterior and middle superior temporal gyrus (STG), respectively.

The development of the Cognitive Assessment for Tagalog Speakers (CATS): A culturally and linguistically tailored test battery for Filipino Americans.

Introduction: Filipino Americans are one of the largest Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations in the United States (US). Previous studies suggest that Filipino Americans have one of the highest incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) among AAPI subgroups. Despite the expected increase in Filipino Americans with ADRD, no studies to-date have validated neuropsychological measures in the United States for speakers of Tagalog, a major language spoken by Filipino Americans.

Speech and language markers of neurodegeneration: a call for global equity.

In the field of neurodegeneration, speech and language assessments are useful for diagnosing aphasic syndromes and for characterizing other disorders. As a complement to classic tests, scalable and low-cost digital tools can capture relevant anomalies automatically, potentially supporting the quest for globally equitable markers of brain health. However, this promise remains unfulfilled due to limited linguistic diversity in scientific works and clinical instruments.

Network anatomy in logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia.

The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized linguistically by gradual loss of repetition and naming skills, resulting from left posterior temporal and inferior parietal atrophy. Here, we sought to identify which specific cortical loci are initially targeted by the disease (epicenters) and investigate whether atrophy spreads through pre-determined networks. First, we used cross-sectional structural MRI data from individuals with lvPPA to define putative disease epicenters using a surface-based approach paired with an anatomically-fine-grained parcellation of the cortical surface (i.

Assessing the role of collectivism and individualism on COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors in the Southeastern United States.

America's unique response to the global COVID-19 pandemic has been both criticized and applauded across political and social spectrums. Compared to other developed nations, U.S.

Frontotemporal dementia: A unique window on the functional role of the temporal lobes.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an umbrella term covering a plethora of progressive changes in executive functions, motor abilities, behavior, and/or language. Different clinical syndromes have been described in relation to localized atrophy, informing on the functional networks that underlie these specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes. These functional declines are linked with the underlying neurodegeneration of frontal and/or temporal lobes due to diverse molecular pathologies.

Food insecurity among university students in the United States amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study reports on food insecurity (FI) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants And Methods: College students in four regions of the US completed the two-item validated Hunger Vital Sign™ screening tool on Qualtrics.

Results: FI increased significantly after March 2020 among US students (worry about food running out: 25% to 35%; food did not last: 17% to 21%) with significant regional increase in the Midwest and South.

Teaching About Racism in Medical Education: A Mixed-Method Analysis of a Train-the-Trainer Faculty Development Workshop.

Background And Objectives: Curriculum addressing racism as a driver of inequities is lacking at most health professional programs. We describe and evaluate a faculty development workshop on teaching about racism to facilitate curriculum development at home institutions.

Methods: Following development of a curricular toolkit, a train-the-trainer workshop was delivered at the 2017 Society of Teachers of Family Medicine Annual Spring Conference.

Optimizing Precision of Hypertension Care to Maximize Blood Pressure Control: A Pilot Study Utilizing a Smartphone App to Incorporate Plasma Renin Activity Testing.

Only half of patients with hypertension (HTN) respond to any given antihypertensive medication. Heterogeneity in pathophysiologic pathways underlying HTN is a major contributor. Personalizing antihypertensive therapy could improve blood pressure (BP) reduction.

Verbal Semantics and the Left Dorsolateral Anterior Temporal Lobe: A Longitudinal Case of Bilateral Temporal Degeneration.

Background: Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), a clinical syndrome characterized by loss of semantic knowledge, is associated with neurodegeneration that starts in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and gradually spreads towards posterior temporal and medial frontal areas. At the earliest stages, atrophy may be predominantly lateralized to either the left or right ATL, leading to different clinical profiles with greatest impairment of word comprehension or visual/social semantics, respectively.

Methods & Procedures: We report the in-depth longitudinal investigation of cognitive and neuroanatomical features of JB, an unusual case of ATL neurodegeneration with relative sparing of left lateral ATL regions.

Effects of bilingualism on age at onset in two clinical Alzheimer's disease variants.

Introduction: The effect of bilingualism on age at onset has yet to be examined within different clinical variants of Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We reviewed the research charts of 287 well-characterized participants with either amnestic Alzheimer's dementia or logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) and identified bilingual speakers based on regular use of two or more languages and/or ability to communicate with native speakers in two or more languages. We evaluated whether bilingual speakers demonstrated a delay in age of symptom onset relative to monolingual speakers while controlling for other variables known to influence cognitive reserve.

Speech production differences in English and Italian speakers with nonfluent variant PPA.

Objective: To understand whether the clinical phenotype of nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) could present differences depending on the patient's native language.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed connected speech samples in monolingual English (nfvPPA-E) and Italian speakers (nfvPPA-I) who were diagnosed with nfvPPA and matched for age, sex, and Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Patients also received a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.

Atypical clinical features associated with mixed pathology in a case of non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia.

A 66-year-old woman presented with agrammatism and apraxia of speech, meeting criteria for non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA). However, three years later, she developed frontal/executive, short-term phonological memory, visuospatial, and visual memory deficits suggesting involvement of multiple brain networks. Multimodal neuroimaging showed damage of both fronto-striatal and posterior brain regions.