Reliability and validity of two-dimensional motion capture to assess ankle dorsiflexion motion and heel raise work.

Objectives: To determine the inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of two-dimensional (2D) measures of ankle function in the sagittal plane for participants with Achilles tendinopathy (AT).

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: University Laboratory, Participants, Adults with AT (N = 18, Women: 72.

Efficacy of Telehealth for Movement-Evoked Pain in People With Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy: A Noninferiority Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of physical therapy delivered via an all telehealth or hybrid format with an all in-person format on movement-evoked pain for individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT).

Methods: Sixty-six individuals with chronic AT participated (age, 43.4 [SD = 15.

The effects of pain science education plus exercise on pain and function in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a blinded, placebo-controlled, explanatory, randomized trial.

Exercise is the standard of care for Achilles tendinopathy (AT), but 20% to 50% of patients continue to have pain following rehabilitation. The addition of pain science education (PSE) to an exercise program may enhance clinical outcomes, yet this has not been examined in patients with AT. Furthermore, little is known about how rehabilitation for AT alters the fear of movement and central nervous system nociceptive processing.

Regular physical activity reduces the percentage of spinally projecting neurons that express mu-opioid receptors from the rostral ventromedial medulla in mice.

Introduction: Regular physical activity/exercise is an effective nonpharmacological treatment for individuals with chronic pain. Central inhibitory mechanisms, involving serotonin and opioids, are critical to analgesia produced by regular physical activity. The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) sends projections to the spinal cord to inhibit or facilitate nociceptive neurons and plays a key role in exercise-induced analgesia.

Effect of Pain Education and Exercise on Pain and Function in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy: Protocol for a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.

Background: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) rehabilitation traditionally includes progressive tendon loading exercises. Recent evidence suggests a biopsychosocial approach that incorporates patient education on psychosocial factors and mechanisms of pain can reduce pain and disability in individuals with chronic pain. This is yet to be examined in individuals with AT.

Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem and is associated with increases in pain during acute physical activity. Regular physical activity is protective against many chronic diseases; however, it is unknown if it plays a role in development of chronic pain. The current study induced physical activity by placing running wheels in home cages of mice for 5 days or 8 wk and compared these to sedentary mice without running wheels in their home cages.

Exercise-induced pain requires NMDA receptor activation in the medullary raphe nuclei.

Purpose: Pain in response to physical activity is common in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain and is likely a barrier to regular exercise, which would lead to a sedentary lifestyle. We recently developed a model of exercise-induced pain that is associated with increased activation of neurons in the medullary raphe nuclei, i.e.

Effect of obesity and metabolic syndrome on hypoxic vasodilation.

This study was designed to test whether obese adults and adults with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) exhibit altered hyperemic responses to hypoxia at rest and during forearm exercise when compared with lean controls. We hypothesized blood flow responses due to hypoxia would be lower in young obese subjects (n = 11, 24 ± 2 years, BMI 36 ± 2 kg m(-2)) and subjects with MetSyn (n = 8, 29 ± 3 years BMI 39 ± 2 kg m(-2)) when compared with lean adults (n = 13, 29 ± 2 years, BMI 24 ± 1 kg m(-2)). We measured forearm blood flow (FBF, Doppler Ultrasound) and arterial oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry) during rest and steady-state dynamic forearm exercise (20 contractions/min at 8 and 12 kg) under two conditions: normoxia (0.

Enhanced muscle fatigue occurs in male but not female ASIC3-/- mice.

Muscle fatigue is associated with a number of clinical diseases, including chronic pain conditions. Decreases in extracellular pH activates acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), depolarizes muscle, protects against fatigue, and produces pain. We examined whether ASIC3-/- mice were more fatigable than ASIC3+/+ mice in a task-dependent manner.