The social patterning of vicarious discrimination: Implications for health equity.

Background: Most research on discrimination and health operationalizes discrimination as direct individual experiences. Here, we examine the social patterning of vicarious discrimination, an important but largely overlooked dimension of discrimination.

Methods: Drawing on community-based participatory research with a multi-stage probability sample (n = 178) of African Americans in Tallahassee, Florida, we measured vicarious discrimination, or exposure to discrimination through one's family and friends.