Ultrasound-guided ventral approach to the brachial plexus block in barred owls (Strix varia): a cadaveric study.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound (US)-guided ventral approach to the brachial plexus (BP) and evaluate nerve anatomy and staining in barred owl cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective, cadaveric study.

Animals: Eleven adult male and female barred owl cadavers with a body mass of 0.

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block injections in barred owl (Strix varia) cadavers.

Objective: To describe an ultrasound-guided approach to the sciatic nerve and the distribution of nerve staining using two injectate volumes of dye in barred owls.

Study Design: Descriptive, randomized, assessor-blinded, cadaveric study.

Animals: Twelve barred owl cadavers.

The brief executive language screen: sensitivity and specificity in acute to early sub-acute stroke.

Introduction: Propositional language and underlying executive functions can be impaired post-stroke and affect communication and quality of life. Current stroke screening tools are largely tailored to patients with aphasia, being either non-verbal or focussed on core language skills such as naming and repetition. The Brief Executive Language Screening Test (BELS) is a newly developed cognitive screening tool that assesses memory, oral apraxia, core language, as well as propositional language and associated executive functions that can be impacted and overlooked in stroke patients without aphasia.

Hayling and stroop tests tap dissociable deficits and network-level neural correlates.

Although many executive function screens have been developed, it is not yet clear whether these assessments are equally effective in detecting post-stroke deficits of initiation and inhibition. This study presents a comparative analysis of the Stroop and Hayling tests aiming to evaluate whether these tests measure the same underlying cognitive functions and to identify the neural correlates of the deficits detected by both tasks. Sixty six stroke survivors and 70 healthy ageing controls completed the Hayling and Stroop tests.

RESPONSE AND PHYSIOLOGIC OUTCOMES AFTER BUTORPHANOL, MIDAZOLAM, AND MEDETOMIDINE IMMOBILIZATION AND REVERSAL IN CAPTIVE REINDEER ().

Sedation, recovery response, and physiologic outcomes were evaluated in five captive reindeer () in Minnesota using a completely reversible immobilization protocol. Reindeer were immobilized with butorphanol (0.23-0.

Post-stroke apathy: A case series investigation of neuropsychological and lesion characteristics.

Apathy is a multi-dimensional syndrome associated with reduced initiation, executive function and emotion toward goal-directed behaviour. Affecting ∼30% of stroke patients, apathy can negatively impact rehabilitation outcomes and increase caregiver burden. However, relatively little is known about the multi-dimensional nature of post-stroke apathy and whether these dimensions map onto neuropsychological and neuroanatomical correlates.

How configurations of binocular disparity determine whether stereoscopic slant or stereoscopic occlusion is seen.

A partially occluded contour and a slanted contour may generate identical binocular horizontal disparities. We investigated conditions promoting an occlusion resolution indicated by an illusory contour in depth along the aligned ends of horizontally disparate line sets. For a set of identical oblique lines with a constant width added to one eye's view, strength, depth, and stability of the illusory contour were poor, whereas for oblique lines of alternating orientations the illusory contours were strong, indicating a reliance on vertical size disparities rather than vertical positional disparities in generating perceived occlusion.