Body image and Black African women: A comparative study of Kenya and Nigeria.

Very few cross-national studies on body image focus on Black African women. In this study, a comparative analytical approach and sociocultural theory framework was utilized in examining measures of body image among 209 Kenyan and Nigerian women aged 18-69 (M = 34.4, SD = 7.

Risk Behavioral Contexts in Adolescence of Obese Adults.

Purpose: Previous research suggests that poor nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and social/emotional climate are associated with weight gain. However, few empirical studies have examined how these factors relate to each other in adolescents who are later obese. Are these factors uniformly present, or do some co-occur or occur independently? This study seeks to identify subgroups of obese individuals at ages 24-32 years who exhibited unique, co-occurring behavioral and emotional contexts for obesity at ages 14-17 years.

Gluten-induced Neurocognitive Impairment: Results of a Nationwide Study.

Goals: This study aimed to understand the neurocognitive symptoms associated with gluten exposure in individuals with self-reported celiac disease (CD) and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

Background: While gluten-induced neurocognitive impairment (GINI; eg, "celiac fog" or "brain fog") is commonly described by individuals with CD and NCGS, there are little data regarding the prevalence and symptoms associated with these experiences.

Study: A 9-question online survey was accessed by 1396 individuals (1143 with CD; 253 with NCGS).

Attitudes to mesalamine questionnaire: a novel tool to predict mesalamine nonadherence in patients with IBD.

Objectives: Poor adherence to mesalamine is common and driven by a combination of lifestyle and behavioral factors, as well as health beliefs. We sought to develop a valid tool to identify barriers to patient adherence and predict those at risk for future nonadherence.

Methods: A 10-item survey was developed from patient-reported barriers to adherence.

Cultural issues in eating pathology and body image among children and adolescents.

Eating pathology and body image issues are now recognized as affecting all racial and ethnic groups. This article reviews eating pathology and body image concerns in four diverse groups in the U.S.

A simple validated gluten-free diet adherence survey for adults with celiac disease.

Background & Aims: Celiac disease is an increasingly prevalent disorder. To monitor response to treatment in clinical and research settings, it is essential to accurately measure gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence in a standardized manner. The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT).

A pilot intervention to reduce eating disorder risk in Latina women.

Objective: The current study tested the effects of an eating disorder risk reduction programme (Food, Mood and Attitude (FMA)) with Latina women.

Method: Fifty-two female Latina college students were screened. Of these, 28 eligible women were administered a questionnaire packet prior to and approximately 2 months and again 1 year after completing a 2-hour computer-based risk reduction programme called FMA and participating in two 2-hour discussion groups about risk factors for eating disorders.

Psychological correlates of gluten-free diet adherence in adults with celiac disease.

Goals: To determine whether personality traits and psychological characteristics are related to gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence in an adult population diagnosed with celiac disease (CD).

Background: Little research has examined psychological correlates of adherence to the GFD.

Study: One hundred fifty-seven adults with biopsy-confirmed CD on the GFD for >3 months completed measures of personality and self-reported GFD adherence, provided a blood sample, and participated in an evaluation of GFD adherence conducted by an expert dietician at a clinical care center in a major teaching hospital in Boston, MA.

The interaction between eating disorders and celiac disease: an exploration of 10 cases.

Celiac disease is an inflammatory disorder in which certain peptides from wheat and related grains trigger and maintain an immune reaction in the small intestine. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders that are morbid and, at times, life-threatening forms of psychopathology. Despite a large body of evidence describing the detrimental effects of eating disorders on the gastrointestinal system, information on the role of the gastrointestinal system in causing or mimicking eating disorders is scarce.