Nutritional interventions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing antineoplastic treatment: a systematic review.

Background: A compromised nutritional status jeopardizes a positive prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. In low- and middle-income countries, ~ 50% of children with ALL are malnourished at diagnosis time, and undergoing antineoplastic treatment increases the risk of depleting their nutrient stores. Nutrition interventions are implemented in patients with cancer related malnutrition.

Use of Theoretical Women and Model-Based Compartmental Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Vitamin A Intake with or without a Daily Vitamin A Supplement on Vitamin A Total Body Stores and Balance During Lactation.

Background: Inadequate vitamin A (VA) intake is common among lactating women in many communities worldwide, but high-dose VA supplementation for postpartum women is not recommended by the World Health Organization as an effective intervention.

Objectives: To simulate the impact of VA intake via diet and daily VA supplements on VA total body stores (TBS) and balance in theoretical lactating women with low/moderate TBS.

Methods: We studied 6 theoretical subjects with assigned values for TBS from 219-624 μmol.

Direct Use of Plasma or Milk Vitamin A Specific Activity Data to Model Retinol Kinetics and Predict Vitamin A Stores in Theoretical Lactating Women.

Background: Many applications of the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software use data on the fraction of an orally administered tracer dose (FD) in plasma; thus, researchers must scale-up measured analyte concentration to the total plasma pool. For studies in lactating women, estimating breast milk pool size is challenging.

Objectives: The objectives were to determine whether the standard vitamin A modeling approach using FD data could be modified to use vitamin A specific activity in milk (SAm) and/or plasma (SAp) for compartmental analysis of vitamin A kinetics and status in theoretical lactating women.

Compartmental Modeling of Vitamin A Stable Isotope Data from Milk or Plasma Provides Comparable Predictions of Vitamin A Stores in Theoretical Lactating Women.

Background: Previous compartmental models describing and quantifying whole-body vitamin A (VA) metabolism have been developed from plasma retinol kinetic data after human subjects ingest stable isotope-labeled VA. For humans, models based on data obtained from other sampling sites (e.g.

Use of Compartmental Modeling and Datasets for Theoretical Lactating Women to Determine Conditions under Which Vitamin A-Specific Activity in Breast Milk Provides Accurate Estimates of Vitamin A Total Body Stores by Retinol Isotope Dilution.

Background: Vitamin A concentrations in breast milk are related to maternal vitamin A intake and status.

Objectives: Our objective was to identify conditions under which vitamin A specific activity in breast milk (SAm) could be used instead of retinol specific activity in plasma (SAp) to predict vitamin A total body stores (TBS) by retinol isotope dilution (RID).

Methods: We used 12 previously-studied theoretical lactating women with assigned values for TBS (219-1348 μmol) and retinol kinetic parameters; we assumed subjects ingested a dose of stable isotope-labeled vitamin A.

Development of a Compartmental Model for Studying Vitamin A Kinetics and Status in Theoretical Lactating Women.

Background: Low vitamin A status and suboptimal milk vitamin A concentrations are problems in many populations worldwide. However, limited research has been done on whole-body vitamin A kinetics in women of reproductive age, especially during lactation.

Objectives: Goals were to develop compartmental models describing retinol kinetics in theoretical nonlactating (NL) and lactating (L) women and to determine whether the retinol isotope dilution (RID) method accurately predicted vitamin A total body stores (TBS) in the groups and individuals.