Cardiopulmonary resuscitation employing only abdominal compressions in infants after cardiac surgery: A secondary sub-analysis of the ICU-RESUS study.

Importance: Patients with underlying cardiac disease form a considerable proportion of pediatric patients who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest. In pediatric patients after cardiac surgery, CPR with abdominal compressions alone (AC-CPR) may provide an alternative to standard chest compression CPR (S-CPR) with additional procedural and physiologic advantages.

Objective: Quantitatively describe hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and outcomes of infants who received only abdominal compressions (AC-CPR).

A risk-based monitoring approach to source data monitoring and documenting monitoring findings.

Background: Clinical trial monitoring is evolving from labor-intensive to targeted approaches. The traditional 100% Source Data Monitoring (SDM) approach fails to prioritize data by significance, diverting attention from critical elements. Despite regulatory guidance on Risk-Based Monitoring (RBM), its widespread implementation has been slow.

The Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry for Scleroderma: association of medication use on gastrointestinal tract symptoms in early disease and the importance of tobacco cessation.

Objectives: Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is frequently associated with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement. The Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER) is a US-based collaborative study collecting longitudinal follow up data on SSc patients with less than 5-years disease duration enrolled at Scleroderma centres of excellence. This manuscript presents the GIT natural history and outcomes in relation to other scleroderma manifestations and medication exposures.

Clinician-reported physiologic monitoring of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity-weighted cohort study.

Aims: The primary objective was to determine the association between clinician-reported use of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to monitor cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (pIHCA) and survival outcomes.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed in two cohorts: (1) Patients with an invasive airway in place at the time of arrest to evaluate ETCO2 use, and (2) patients with an arterial line in place at the time of arrest to evaluate DBP use. The primary exposure was clinician-reported use of ETCO2 or DBP.

CONQUER Scleroderma: association of gastrointestinal tract symptoms in early disease with resource utilization.

Objectives: SSc is associated with increased health-care resource utilization and economic burden. The Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER) is a US-based collaborative that collects longitudinal follow-up data on SSc patients with <5 years of disease duration enrolled at scleroderma centres in the USA. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between gastrointestinal tract symptoms and self-reported resource utilization in CONQUER participants.

The Temporal Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality and Outcomes.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in adaptations to pediatric resuscitation systems of care. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal association between the pandemic and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) process of care metrics, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) quality, and patient outcomes.

Design: Multicenter retrospective analysis of a dataset comprising observations of IHCA outcomes pre pandemic (March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020) versus pandemic (March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021).

Post-discharge rehabilitation and functional recovery after pediatric injury.

Introduction: Variability in rehabilitation disposition has been proposed as a trauma center quality metric. Benchmarking rehabilitation disposition is limited by a lack of objective measures of functional impairment at discharge. The primary aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of patient characteristics and hospitalization factors associated with inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation after discharge.

Evaluating the association between obesity and discharge functional status after pediatric injury.

Background: Children with obesity frequently have functional impairment after critical illness. Although obesity increases morbidity risk after trauma, the association with functional outcomes in children is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the association of weight with functional impairment at hospital discharge in children with serious injuries.

All body region injuries are not equal: Differences in pediatric discharge functional status based on Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) body regions and severity scores.

Purpose: Functional outcomes have been proposed for assessing quality of pediatric trauma care. Outcomes assessments often rely on Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) severity scores to adjust for injury characteristics, but the relationship between AIS severity and functional impairment is unknown. This study's primary aim was to quantify functional impairment associated with increasing AIS severity scores within body regions.

Impact of ventricle size on neuropsychological outcomes in treated pediatric hydrocephalus: an HCRN prospective cohort study.

Objective: In pediatric hydrocephalus, shunts tend to result in smaller postoperative ventricles compared with those following an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). The impact of the final treated ventricle size on neuropsychological and quality-of-life outcomes is currently undetermined. Therefore, the authors sought to ascertain whether treated ventricle size is associated with neurocognitive and academic outcomes postoperatively.

Long-Term Outcomes after Pediatric Injury: Results of the Assessment of Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life after Pediatric Trauma Study.

Background: Disability and impaired health-related quality of life can persist for months among injured children. Previous studies of long-term outcomes have focused mainly on children with specific injury types rather than those with multiple injured body regions. This study's objective was to determine the long-term functional status and health-related quality of life after serious pediatric injury, and to evaluate the associations of these outcomes with features available at hospital discharge.

Cerebrospinal fluid NCAM-1 concentration is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity.

Objective: Efforts directed at mitigating neurological disability in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are limited by a dearth of quantifiable metrics capable of predicting long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of PHH and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants undergoing neurosurgical treatment for PHH.

Study Design: Preterm infants with PHH were enrolled across the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network.

Temporal trends in surgical procedures for pediatric hydrocephalus: an analysis of the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network Core Data Project.

Objective: Analysis of temporal trends in patient populations and procedure types may provide important information regarding the evolution of hydrocephalus treatment. The purpose of this study was to use the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network's Core Data Project to identify meaningful trends in patient characteristics and the surgical management of pediatric hydrocephalus over a 9-year period.

Methods: The Core Data Project prospectively collected patient and procedural data on the study cohort from 9 centers between 2008 and 2016.

Predictors of fast and ultrafast shunt failure in pediatric hydrocephalus: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to use the prospective Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) registry to determine clinical predictors of fast time to shunt failure (≤ 30 days from last revision) and ultrafast time to failure (≤ 7 days from last revision).

Methods: Revisions (including those due to infection) to permanent shunt placements that occurred between April 2008 and November 2017 for patients whose entire shunt experience was recorded in the registry were analyzed. All registry data provided at the time of initial shunt placement and subsequent revision were reviewed.

High-throughput investigation of molecular and cellular biomarkers in NMOSD.

Objective: To identify candidate biomarkers associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) using high-throughput technologies that broadly assay the concentrations of serum analytes and frequencies of immune cell subsets.

Methods: Sera, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and matched clinical data from participants with NMOSD and healthy controls (HCs) were obtained from the Collaborative International Research in Clinical and Longitudinal Experience Study NMOSD biorepository. Flow cytometry panels were used to measure the frequencies of 39 T-cell, B-cell, regulatory T-cell, monocyte, natural killer (NK) cell, and dendritic cell subsets in unstimulated PBMCs.

Surgical resource utilization after initial treatment of infant hydrocephalus: comparing ETV, early experience of ETV with choroid plexus cauterization, and shunt insertion in the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network.

Objective: Few studies have addressed surgical resource utilization-surgical revisions and associated hospital admission days-following shunt insertion or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with or without choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) for CSF diversion in hydrocephalus. Study members of the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) investigated differences in surgical resource utilization between CSF diversion strategies in hydrocephalus in infants.

Methods: Patients up to corrected age 24 months undergoing initial definitive treatment of hydrocephalus were reviewed from the prospectively maintained HCRN Core Data Project (Hydrocephalus Registry).

Collaborative International Research in Clinical and Longitudinal Experience Study in NMOSD.

Objective: To develop a resource of systematically collected, longitudinal clinical data and biospecimens for assisting in the investigation into neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.

Methods: To illustrate its research-enabling purpose, epidemiologic patterns and disease phenotypes were assessed among enrolled subjects, including age at disease onset, annualized relapse rate (ARR), and time between the first and second attacks.

Results: As of December 2017, the Collaborative International Research in Clinical and Longitudinal Experience Study (CIRCLES) had enrolled more than 1,000 participants, of whom 77.

Predictors of success for combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in a North American setting: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study.

Objective: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy combined with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV+CPC) has been adopted by many pediatric neurosurgeons as an alternative to placing shunts in infants with hydrocephalus. However, reported success rates have been highly variable, which may be secondary to patient selection, operative technique, and/or surgeon training. The objective of this prospective multicenter cohort study was to identify independent patient selection, operative technique, or surgical training predictors of ETV+CPC success in infants.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in infant hydrocephalus: a prospective study by the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network.

OBJECTIVE High-quality data comparing endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) to shunt and ETV alone in North America are greatly lacking. To address this, the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) conducted a prospective study of ETV+CPC in infants. Here, these prospective data are presented and compared to prospectively collected data from a historical cohort of infants treated with shunt or ETV alone.