pigmentation demonstrates adaptive phenotypic parallelism but genomic unpredictability over multiple timescales.

Unlabelled: Populations are capable of responding to environmental change over ecological timescales via adaptive tracking. However, the translation from patterns of allele frequency change to rapid adaptation of complex traits remains unresolved. We used abdominal pigmentation in as a model phenotype to address the nature, genetic architecture, and repeatability of rapid adaptation in the field.

Gallbladder fossa volume decreased in livers without gallbladders: A cadaveric study.

The gallbladder normally lies within a fossa on the visceral surface of the liver. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether the volume of this fossa was reduced after cholecystectomy. Livers were obtained from embalmed cadavers of 19 females and 15 males with a mean age of 84.

Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates.

Sleep is an essential state of decreased activity and alertness but molecular factors regulating sleep duration remain unknown. Through genome-wide association analysis in 446,118 adults of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, we identify 78 loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration (p < 5 × 10; 43 loci at p < 6 × 10). Replication is observed for PAX8, VRK2, and FBXL12/UBL5/PIN1 loci in the CHARGE study (n = 47,180; p < 6.

Association of DAT1 genetic variants with habitual sleep duration in the UK Biobank.

Short sleep duration has been linked to negative health effects, but is a complex phenotype with many contributing factors, including genetic. We evaluated 27 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes previously reported to be associated with other sleep variables for association with self-reported habitual sleep duration in the UK Biobank in 111 975 individuals of European ancestry. Genetic variation in DAT1 (rs464049) was significantly associated with sleep duration after correction for multiple testing (p = 4.