Arthroscopic alphabet soup: recognition of normal, normal variants, and pathology.

The capsule, labrum, glenohumeral ligaments, and rotator cuff represent the static and dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. Various injuries can occur to one or more of these structures during traumatic shoulder dislocation, predisposing the patient to recurrent instability. Improved understanding of shoulder anatomy and biomechanics, and advancements in arthroscopic technique led to the recognition of various pathologic lesions that may contribute to instability.