Highly sensitive vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (VANTAs) interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrays are developed for electrochemical biosensing of two cytokines (i.e., interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) that are useful for early detection Johne's disease (Bovine Paratuberculosis) in cattle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnrichment of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) has been consistently detected in subsets of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Although some AIEC strains cause colitis in animal models, these studies did not systematically compare AIEC with non-AIEC strains, and causal links between AIEC and disease are still disputed. Specifically, it remains unclear whether AIEC shows enhanced pathogenicity compared to that of commensal E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gastrointestinal microbiota begins to be acquired at birth and continually matures through early adolescence. Despite the relevance for gut health, few studies have evaluated the impact of pathobiont colonization of neonates on the severity of colitis later in life. LF82 is an adherent invasive E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies is a multistep process that includes reviewing an appropriate history, determining sample quality, and evaluating histologic sections. Selected diagnostic parameters that, in combination with intestinal histopathology, can be useful to localize disease to the intestinal tract in the horse include hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, ultrasound evidence of increased thickness of the small intestinal wall, and alterations in glucose or D-xylose absorption tests. Biopsies may be acquired either endoscopically, or via laparoscopy or standing flank incisional approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe intestinal microbiota is a critical component of mucosal health as evidenced by the fact that alterations in the taxonomic composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. To better understand how the progression of inflammation impacts the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota, we used culture independent taxonomic profiling to identify temporal changes in the cecal microbiota of C3Bir IL-10 mice concomitantly with the onset and progression of colitis. This analysis revealed that IL-10 mice displayed a biphasic progression in disease severity, as evidenced by histopathological scores and cytokine production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn many human cancers, the expression of the prostaglandin receptor EP4 (EP4R) is associated with the development of malignancy and a poor prognosis. The expression of EP4R has not yet been evaluated in canine tumors. The objective of this study was to characterize the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of EP4R in canine osteosarcoma (OSA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCampylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne human bacterial gastroenteritis but animal models for C. jejuni mediated disease remain limited because C. jejuni poorly colonizes immunocompetent, conventionally-reared (Conv-R) mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the small intestine, localized innate mucosal immunity is critical for intestinal homeostasis. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection induces villus injury and impairs digestive function. Moreover, the infection might comprise localized innate mucosal immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic inflammation resulting from the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the chronic activation of the innate immune system remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. After having demonstrated that Fyn, a Src family kinase, regulates microglial neuroinflammatory responses in cell culture and animal models of Parkinson's disease, we investigate here its role in modulating systemic inflammation using an endotoxic mouse model. Fyn knockout (KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermate mice were injected once intraperitoneally with either saline or 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and were killed 48 h later.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA reformulation of Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunotherapeutic can be used to successfully treat sarcoids in horses. Sarcoids are reported to be the most common equine skin tumors with tumor type and location influencing the choice of treatment. Wide surgical excision is curative for many tumors, but may not always be feasible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal infection models to study Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection are useful for evaluating the efficacy of vaccines and other therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of infection. The goal of the present study was to compare smaller ruminants, sheep and goats, with calves as infection models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
February 2020
Graphene-based inks are becoming increasingly attractive for printing low-cost and flexible electrical circuits due to their high electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and manufacturing scalability. Conventional graphene printing techniques, such as screen and inkjet printing, are limited by stringent ink viscosity requirements properties and large as-printed line width that impedes the performance of printed biosensors. Here, we report an aerosol-jet-printed (AJP) graphene-based immunosensor capable of monitoring two distinct cytokines: interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJohne's disease is an enteric disease caused by the intracellular pathogen (MAP). Upon ingestion of MAP, it is translocated across the intestinal epithelium and may be killed by intestinal macrophages, or depending on the bacterial burden and immunological status of the animal, MAP may thwart innate defense mechanisms and persist within the macrophage. This study aimed to determine the numbers of macrophages and MAP present in bovine midileal tissue during different stages of infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a transendoscopic monopolar electrosurgical triangle-tip knife as instrumentation to perform unilateral ventriculocordectomy (VC) in healthy adult horses.
Study Design: In vivo experimental study.
Study Population: Nine horses donated for medical conditions unrelated to respiratory system.
is a facultative anaerobic symbiont found widely among mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. Several human studies have reported increased commensal abundance in the intestine during inflammation; however, host immunological responses toward commensal during inflammation are not well-defined. Here, we show that colonization of gnotobiotic mice with different genotypes of commensal isolated from healthy conventional microbiota mice and representing distinct populations of elicited strain-specific disease phenotypes and immunopathological changes following treatment with the inflammatory stimulus, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJohne's disease is an enteric disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Upon translocation from the lumen of the small intestine, mycobacteria have the ability to thwart innate defense mechanisms and persist within the macrophage in the lamina propria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditionally, vaccination strategies require an initial priming vaccination followed by an antigen boost to generate adequate immunity. Here we describe vaccination against a self-peptide for reproductive sterilization utilizing a three-stage vaccine platform consisting of gonadotropin releasing hormone multiple antigenic peptide (GnRH-MAP) as a soluble injection coupled with subcutaneous administration of polyanhydride-immobilized GnRH-MAP and a cyto-exclusive implant containing GnRH-MAP dendrimer-loaded polyanhydride. This strategy generated and maintained cell-mediated and humoral immunity for up to 41 weeks after a single vaccination in mice with enhanced antibody avidity over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are likely driven by aberrant immune responses directed against the resident microbiota. Although IBD is commonly associated with a dysbiotic microbiota enriched in putative pathobionts, the etiological agents of IBD remain unknown. Using a pathobiont-induced intestinal inflammation model and a defined bacterial community, we provide new insights into the immune-microbiota interactions during disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) aptasensor for rapid detection (<35 min) of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was fabricated by immobilizing a RNA aptamer capture probe (ACP), selective to IFN-γ, on a gold interdigitated electrode array (Au IDE). The ACP was modified with a thiol group at the 5' terminal end and subsequently co-immobilized with 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) and 6-mercapto-1-hexanolphosphate (MCH) to the gold surface through thiol-gold interactions. This ACP/HDT-MCH ternary surface monolayer facilitates efficient hybridization with IFN-γ and displays high resistance to nonspecific adsorption of nontarget proteins [i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUse of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of equine adipose tissue has promising applications for regenerative therapies. The most commonly used source of equine adipose tissue is the subcutaneous tailhead. The objective of this study was to compare 3 adipose depot sites in horses and determine the viability and cellular yield, capillary density, gene expression for selected markers, and colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) in adipose tissue taken from these sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe investigated CD47 expression in cryopreserved sections of equine cutaneous masses and normal skin. CD47 is a cell surface protein expressed on many cell types and overexpressed in some tumors. Interaction of CD47 and signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPα) inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther
November 2015
Aim: To investigate the ability of a Prunella vulgaris (P. vulgaris) ethanolic extract to attenuate spontaneous typhlocolitis in mdr1a(-/-) mice.
Methods: Vehicle (5% ethanol) or P.