Impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act on the Economics of Clean Hydrogen and Synthetic Liquid Fuels.

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in the United States provides unprecedented incentives for deploying low-carbon hydrogen and liquid fuels, among other low-greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions technologies. To better understand the prospective competitiveness of low-carbon or negative-carbon hydrogen and liquid fuels under the IRA in the early 2030s, we examined the impacts of the IRA provisions on the costs of producing hydrogen and synthetic liquid fuel made from natural gas, electricity, short-cycle biomass (agricultural residues), and corn-derived ethanol. We determined that, with IRA credits (45V or 45Q) but excluding the incentives provided by other national or state policies, hydrogen produced by electrolysis using carbon-free electricity (green H) and by natural gas reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS) (blue H) is cost-competitive with the carbon-intensive benchmark gray H, which is produced by steam methane reforming.

Emissions and energy impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act.

Economy-wide emissions drop 43 to 48% below 2005 levels by 2035 with accelerated clean energy deployment.

Pan-sarbecovirus prophylaxis with human anti-ACE2 monoclonal antibodies.

Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein have been isolated from convalescent individuals and developed into therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, therapeutic mAbs for SARS-CoV-2 have been rendered obsolete by the emergence of mAb-resistant virus variants. Here we report the generation of a set of six human mAbs that bind the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) receptor, rather than the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

The state of macro-energy systems research: Common critiques, current progress, and research priorities.

The growing field of macro-energy systems (MES) brings together the interdisciplinary community of researchers studying the equitable and low-carbon future of humanity's energy systems. As MES matures as a community of scholars, a coherent consensus about the key challenges and future directions of the field can be lacking. This paper is a response to this need.

Pediatric cancer pathology review from a single institution: Neuropathology expert opinion is essential for accurate diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors.

Background And Objectives: Second pathology review has been reported to improve accuracy in oncologic diagnoses, including pediatric malignancies. We assessed the impact of second review on the diagnosis of pediatric malignancies at a tertiary care referral center in Beirut, Lebanon.

Methods: Pathology reports of patients treated at the Children's Cancer Institute in Lebanon were retrospectively reviewed for the period 2008-2016 and compared with same samples' diagnoses at St.

F-FDG Uptake During Early Adjuvant Chemotherapy Predicts Histologic Response in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Osteosarcoma.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of F-FDG uptake in the primary tumor at diagnosis, during therapy, and after therapy with a histologic response and event-free survival in pediatric and young adult patients with osteosarcoma (OS). Serial (baseline and 5 and 10 wk after start of therapy) F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed in patients with newly diagnosed OS treated uniformly in a therapeutic trial at a single institution. Whole-body images were obtained approximately 1 h after injection of F-FDG.

Genomic landscape of paediatric adrenocortical tumours.

Paediatric adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Here we analyse 37 adrenocortical tumours (ACTs) by whole-genome, whole-exome and/or transcriptome sequencing. Most cases (91%) show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 11p, with uniform selection against the maternal chromosome.

Safety and diagnostic accuracy of tumor biopsies in children with cancer.

Background: Tumor biopsies are central to the diagnosis and management of cancer and are critical to efforts in personalized medicine and targeted therapeutics. In the current study, the authors sought to evaluate the safety and accuracy of biopsies in children with cancer.

Methods: All biopsies performed in children at the study institution with a suspected or established diagnosis of cancer from 2003 through 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.

Subsequent malignant neoplasms in pediatric patients initially diagnosed with neuroblastoma.

Background: Most prior studies evaluating subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in patients with neuroblastoma are restricted to long-term survivors and/or their treatment exposures. This study investigates SMNs in patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma at our institution.

Methods: Records of 646 patients treated for neuroblastoma at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1961 and 2005 were reviewed.

Histopathologic diagnosis of pediatric neoplasms: a review of international consultations.

Context: Correct histopathologic diagnosis is fundamental to defining proper treatment and improving outcomes in children with malignancies. The Department of Pathology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) has collaborated with SJCRH International Outreach Program partner sites to improve the accuracy of histopathologic diagnoses in countries with limited resources.

Surgical treatment of pediatric desmoid tumors. A 12-year, single-center experience.

Background: Pediatric desmoid tumors (PDTs) represent a group of rare, distinct lesions. While sparse, available literature suggests that PDT are particularly aggressive and difficult to control when compared with their adult counterpart.

Methods: A retrospective review identified 39 patients who underwent treatment of PDT at St.

Improving the histopathologic diagnosis of pediatric malignancies in a low-resource setting by combining focused training and telepathology strategies.

Background: Accurate diagnosis is critical for optimal management of pediatric cancer. Pathologists with experience in pediatric oncology are in short supply in the developing world. Telepathology is increasingly used for consultations but its overall contribution to diagnostic accuracy is unknown.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a prognostic factor in predicting event-free and overall survival in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma.

Background: The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) as an early imaging indicator of tumor histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and as a possible prognostic factor for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic osteosarcoma who were treated on a single, multi-institutional phase 2 trial.

Methods: Three serial DCE-MRI examinations at week 0 (before treatment), week 9, and week 12 (tumor resection) were performed in 69 patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma to monitor the response to preoperative chemotherapy. Four DCE-MRI kinetic parameters (the influx volume transfer constant [K(trans) ], the efflux rate constant [k(ep) ], the relative extravascular extracellular space [v(e) ], and the relative vascular plasma space [v(p) ]) and the corresponding differences (ΔK(trans) , Δk(ep) , Δv(e) , and Δv(p) ) of averaged kinetic parameters between the outer and inner halves of tumors were calculated to assess their associations with tumor histologic response, EFS, and overall survival.

Frontline treatment of localized osteosarcoma without methotrexate: results of the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital OS99 trial.

Background: The standard treatment of osteosarcoma includes cisplatin and high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX); both agents exert significant toxicity, and HDMTX requires complex pharmacokinetic monitoring and leucovorin rescue. In the previous OS91 trial, the treatment of localized disease with carboplatin, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and HDMTX yielded outcomes comparable to those of cisplatin-based regimens and caused less toxicity. To build on this experience, the authors conducted a multi-institutional trial (OS99) that evaluated the efficacy of carboplatin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin without HDMTX in patients with newly diagnosed, localized, resectable osteosarcoma.

Childhood hemangiopericytoma: review of St Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Background: Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a heterogeneous, highly vascularized malignant soft-tissue neoplasm with 2 different clinical presentations: adult-type and infantile-type HPC. Intracranial HPC represents a special subtype with a high proclivity toward recurrence and metastasis.

Methods: The authors have reviewed the clinical features, response to treatment, and outcomes of 17 patients with HPC treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1962 to 2009.

Sequencing of local therapy affects the pattern of treatment failure and survival in children with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors of the central nervous system.

Purpose: To assess the pattern of treatment failure associated with current therapeutic paradigms for childhood atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT).

Methods And Materials: Pediatric patients with AT/RT of the central nervous system treated at our institution between 1987 and 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and cumulative incidence of local failure were correlated with age, sex, tumor location, extent of disease, and extent of surgical resection.

Characterization, treatment, and outcome of intracranial neoplasms in the first 120 days of life.

Little is known about brain tumors in early infancy. Investigators reviewed the records of 27 patients (12 boys and 15 girls) diagnosed within 120 days of birth. The median age was 66 days (range, 0-110 days) at diagnosis.

Placental alkaline phosphatase in pediatric adrenocortical cancer.

The germline R337H mutation in the TP53 gene is considered to be responsible for the increased incidence of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) in children from Brazil. High level production of hormones in ACTs (>95%) cause virilization alone (60%), Cushing syndrome (<5%), the mixed type (30%), or other rarer manifestations. ACT probably develops owing to events occurring during the final stages of intrauterine life based on the very common early onset of signs and symptoms shortly after birth.

Cationic 1,2-Azaborine Adducts of Trimethylphosphine, Triphenylphosphine oxide, and Pyridine-N-oxide.

The first cationic 1,2-azaborine adducts of neutral phosphorous- and oxygen-based nucleophiles have been synthesized and characterized via spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Inherited germline TP53 mutation encodes a protein with an aberrant C-terminal motif in a case of pediatric adrenocortical tumor.

Childhood adrenocortical tumor (ACT), a very rare malignancy, has an annual worldwide incidence of about 0.3 per million children younger than 15 years. The association between inherited germline mutations of the TP53 gene and an increased predisposition to ACT was described in the context of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Regression of a congenital mesoblastic nephroma.

Histologically, the cellular variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is very similar to another rare tumor of infancy, infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS). In addition to the histologic similarities, these tumor types share cytogenetic abnormalities including translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25). We describe herein the case of a child who did not have immediate surgical resection of a CMN and whose tumor was untreated for 8 months.

Retrospective study of the surgical management and outcome of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas of the groin and axilla in children.

Purpose: The incidence of pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTSs) of the groin and axilla is unknown, and the optimal surgical approach to these patients is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital from January 1962 to March 2007 for NRSTSs of the groin and axilla. Demographic variables, tumor pathology, clinical management, and outcome were reviewed.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma as a second malignancy in osteosarcoma survivors.

Second malignancies occur in 2-3% of survivors of pediatric osteosarcoma; treatment-related hematologic and solid malignancies have both been described. We present two cases of patients with pulmonary nodules that developed more than 2 years after treatment of osteosarcoma. Both lesions were completely resected and pathology revealed bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC).

Renal function after ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy, nephrectomy and radiotherapy in children with Wilms tumour.

We prospectively evaluated tumour response and renal function in 12 newly diagnosed children with high-risk Wilms tumour receiving ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy. Two cycles of ICE were followed by 5 weeks of vincristine, dactinomycin and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (VDA), and nephrectomy, radiotherapy, additional VDA, and a third ICE cycle. Carboplatin dosage was based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to achieve targeted systemic exposure (6mg/ml min).