Geometry design for a fully insertable glucose biosensor with multimodal optical readout.

Significance: Insertable optical continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) with wearable readers are a strong option for monitoring individuals with diabetes. However, a fully insertable CGM requires a small form factor while still delivering sufficient signal to be read through tissue by an external device. Previous work has suggested that a multimodal repeating unit (barcode) approach may meet these requirements, but the biosensor geometry must be optimized to meet performance criteria.

A Computational Modeling and Simulation Workflow to Investigate the Impact of Patient-Specific and Device Factors on Hemodynamic Measurements from Non-Invasive Photoplethysmography.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. To provide continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP), a parameter which has shown to improve health outcomes when monitored closely, many groups are trying to measure blood pressure via noninvasive photoplethysmography (PPG). However, the PPG waveform is subject to variation as a function of patient-specific and device factors and thus a platform to enable the evaluation of these factors on the PPG waveform and subsequent hemodynamic parameter prediction would enable device development.

Monte Carlo method for assessment of a multimodal insertable biosensor.

Significance: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are increasingly utilized as a way to provide healthcare to the over 10% of Americans that have diabetes. Fully insertable and optically transduced biosensors are poised to further improve CGMs by extending the device lifetime and reducing cost. However, optical modeling of light propagation in tissue is necessary to ascertain device performance.

Skin optical properties in the obese and their relation to body mass index: a review.

Significance: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic contributing directly to several cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Wearable devices are becoming better at quantifying biomarkers relevant for the management of health and fitness. Unfortunately, both anecdotal evidence and recent studies indicate that some wearables have higher levels of error when utilized by populations with darker skin tones and high body mass index (BMI).

Sources of Inaccuracy in Photoplethysmography for Continuous Cardiovascular Monitoring.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a low-cost, noninvasive optical technique that uses change in light transmission with changes in blood volume within tissue to provide information for cardiovascular health and fitness. As remote health and wearable medical devices become more prevalent, PPG devices are being developed as part of wearable systems to monitor parameters such as heart rate (HR) that do not require complex analysis of the PPG waveform. However, complex analyses of the PPG waveform yield valuable clinical information, such as: blood pressure, respiratory information, sympathetic nervous system activity, and heart rate variability.

Computational integration of nanoscale physical biomarkers and cognitive assessments for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and prognosis.

With the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), significant efforts have been directed toward developing novel diagnostics and biomarkers that can enhance AD detection and management. AD affects the cognition, behavior, function, and physiology of patients through mechanisms that are still being elucidated. Current AD diagnosis is contingent on evaluating which symptoms and signs a patient does or does not display.