Programmed evolution for optimization of orthogonal metabolic output in bacteria.

Current use of microbes for metabolic engineering suffers from loss of metabolic output due to natural selection. Rather than combat the evolution of bacterial populations, we chose to embrace what makes biological engineering unique among engineering fields - evolving materials. We harnessed bacteria to compute solutions to the biological problem of metabolic pathway optimization.

Childhood depression: a place for psychotherapy. An outcome study comparing individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and family therapy.

Background: Although considered clinically effective, there is little systematic research confirming the use of Individual Psychodynamic Psychotherapy or Family Therapy as treatments for depression in children and young adolescents.

Aims: A clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of these two forms of psychotherapy in treating moderate and severe depression in this age group.

Methods: A randomised control trial was conducted with 72 patients aged 9-15 years allocated to one of two treatment groups.