Economic assessment of rewilding versus agri-environmental nature management.

Policies aiming at improving biodiversity often consist of costly agri-environmental schemes, i.e. subsidized grazing or mowing of semi-natural areas.

Global-Mode Analysis of Full-Disk Data from the and the .

Unlabelled: Building upon our previous work, in which we analyzed smoothed and subsampled velocity data from the (MDI), we extend our analysis to unsmoothed, full-resolution MDI data. We also present results from the (HMI), in both full resolution and processed to be a proxy for the low-resolution MDI data. We find that the systematic errors that we saw previously, namely peaks in both the high-latitude rotation rate and the normalized residuals of odd -coefficients, are almost entirely absent in the two full-resolution analyses.

ABC transporter genes and risk of type 2 diabetes: a study of 40,000 individuals from the general population.

Objective: Alterations of pancreatic β-cell cholesterol content may contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Two important determinants of intracellular cholesterol content are the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters A1 (ABCA1) and -G1 (ABCG1). Whether genetic variation in ABCA1 and ABCG1 predicts risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population is unknown.

Genetic inhibition of CETP, ischemic vascular disease and mortality, and possible adverse effects.

Objectives: This study tested whether genetic variation in the CETP gene is consistent with a protective effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition on risk of ischemic events and on total mortality, without the adverse effects reported for torcetrapib.

Background: Torcetrapib, an inhibitor of CETP, increased risk of death and ischemic cardiovascular disease of those randomized to the drug, despite improving the lipid profile.

Methods: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cohort study of 10,261 individuals, aged 20 to 93 years, who were followed for up to 34 years (1976 to 2010).

Genetic variation in ABCG1 and risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease.

Objective: ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) facilitates cholesterol efflux from macrophages to mature high-density lipoprotein particles. Whether genetic variation in ABCG1 affects risk of atherosclerosis in humans remains to be determined.

Methods And Results: We resequenced the core promoter and coding regions of ABCG1 in 380 individuals from the general population.

LCAT, HDL cholesterol and ischemic cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study of HDL cholesterol in 54,500 individuals.

Background: Epidemiologically, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels associate inversely with risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Whether this is a causal relation is unclear.

Methods: We studied 10,281 participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and 50,523 participants in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), of which 991 and 1,693 participants, respectively, had developed myocardial infarction (MI) by August 2010.

[Surgical treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has become the "gold standard" although there is risk of postoperative bleeding and TUR syndrome. The main advantage of photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) is minimal bleeding; however, long-term results of PVP are pending. Transvesical prostatectomy is limited today to large prostates because of the high perioperative morbidity.

Valuation of biodiversity effects from reduced pesticide use.

This study deals with the effects on biodiversity of pesticide-free buffer zones along field margins. Using choice modeling, the majority of respondents to a survey on pesticide use in the environment are willing to accept an increase in the price of bread if the survival of partridge chicks and the number of wild plants increase. The study identifies the need for further empirical work with respect to methodological validation, price estimation, and the use of survey results in policy analysis.

[Urological training in the county of Roskilde].

Introduction: Training in surgical skills and the importance of function-bearing units are the subject of much debate at the moment. An exposition is given of the quality of the urological training in the County of Roskilde, which corresponds to a function-bearing unit as to size.

Material And Methods: The exposition is based on charts of specific oncological diagnoses during one year and the list of operations performed by phase III interns during a period of six months.

Cross-achievements between policies for drinking water protection.

Environmental dynamics have important spatial dimensions, which calls for a spatial approach in policy analyses. Further to this, assessing agri-environmental policies involves analyses of individual measures as well as their combined effects on farmer behaviour and the environment. The integration of an economic behavioural model in a spatial framework has enabled analyses of a geographically targeted subsidy scheme for drinking water protection in combination with a uniform tax on commercial nitrogen fertilizer.