The Identification of Bee Comb Cell Contents Using Semiconductor Gas Sensors.

Beekeeping is an extremely difficult field of agriculture. It requires efficient management of the bee nest so that the bee colony can develop efficiently and produce as much honey and other bee products as possible. The beekeeper, therefore, must constantly monitor the contents of the bee comb.

Imidacloprid Pesticide Causes Unexpectedly Severe Bioelement Deficiencies and Imbalance in Honey Bees Even at Sublethal Doses.

Pesticides impair honeybee health in many ways. Imidacloprid (IMD) is a pesticide used worldwide. No information exists on how IMD impact the bees' body bioelement balance, which is essential for bee health.

In-Field Detection of American Foulbrood (AFB) by Electric Nose Using Classical Classification Techniques and Sequential Neural Networks.

American foulbrood is a dangerous bee disease that attacks the sealed brood. It quickly leads to the death of bee colonies. Efficient diagnosis of this disease is essential.

Recording the Presence of Colonies on MYPGP Substrates Using a Multi-Sensor Array Based on Solid-State Gas Sensors.

American foulbrood is a dangerous disease of bee broods found worldwide, caused by the L. bacterium. In an experiment, the possibility of detecting colonies of this bacterium on MYPGP substrates (which contains yeast extract, Mueller-Hinton broth, glucose, K2HPO4, sodium pyruvate, and agar) was tested using a prototype of a multi-sensor recorder of the MCA-8 sensor signal with a matrix of six semiconductors: TGS 823, TGS 826, TGS 832, TGS 2600, TGS 2602, and TGS 2603 from Figaro.

Antioxidation Defenses of Queens and Workers Respond to Imidacloprid in Different Age-Dependent Ways: Old Queens Are Resistant, Foragers Are Not.

We investigated how different antioxidant defenses (ADSs) were shaped by evolution in young/old workers and queens to broaden the limited knowledge on whether ADSs are effective in contemporary pesticide environments and to complete bee oxidative-aging theory. We acquired 1-day-old, 20-day-old, and 2-year-old queens and 1-day-old and 20-day-old workers (foragers) fed 0, 5, or 200 ppb imidacloprid, a pesticide oxidative stressor. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase and the level of total antioxidant potential were determined in hemolymph.

Classifying the Biological Status of Honeybee Workers Using Gas Sensors.

Honeybee workers have a specific smell depending on the age of workers and the biological status of the colony. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Department of Apiculture at UWM Olsztyn, using gas sensors installed in two twin prototype multi-sensor detectors. The study aimed to compare the responses of sensors to the odor of old worker bees (3-6 weeks old), young ones (0-1 days old), and those from long-term queenless colonies.

Evaluation of Suppressed Mite Reproduction (SMR) Reveals Potential for Varroa Resistance in European Honey Bees ( L.).

In the fight against the mite, selective breeding of honey bee ( L.) populations that are resistant to the parasitic mite stands as a sustainable solution. Selection initiatives indicate that using the suppressed mite reproduction (SMR) trait as a selection criterion is a suitable tool to breed such resistant bee populations.

Diagnosis of Varroosis Based on Bee Brood Samples Testing with Use of Semiconductor Gas Sensors.

Varroosis is a dangerous and difficult to diagnose disease decimating bee colonies. The studies conducted sought answers on whether the electronic nose could become an effective tool for the efficient detection of this disease by examining sealed brood samples. The prototype of a multi-sensor recorder of gaseous sensor signals with a matrix of six semiconductor gas sensors TGS 823, TGS 826, TGS 832, TGS 2600, TGS 2602, and TGS 2603 from FIGARO was tested in this area.

The Effectiveness of Infestation Classification Using an E-Nose Depending on the Time of Day.

Honey bees are subject to a number of stressors. In recent years, there has been a worldwide decline in the population of these insects. Losses raise a serious concern, because bees have an indispensable role in the food supply of humankind.

Detecting varroosis using a gas sensor system as a way to face the environmental threat.

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is an environmental threat on a global scale due to the irreplaceable role of bees in crop pollination. Varroa destructor (V.d.

Gas Sensor Array and Classifiers as a Means of Varroosis Detection.

The study focused on a method of detection for bee colony infestation with the mite, based on the measurements of the chemical properties of beehive air. The efficient detection of varroosis was demonstrated. This method of detection is based on a semiconductor gas sensor array and classification module.