Therapeutic Strategies for Retinal Artery Occlusion-A Literature Review.

Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is an emergency condition causing acute retinal ischemia and is considered an equivalent of ischemic stroke. The occurrence of an episode of RAO is associated with significant impairment of visual functions and correlates with an increased risk of future vascular events. Although RAO requires immediate diagnosis and treatment, there are currently no clear guidelines specifying optimal management.

Effect of reduced saturation and elevated D-dimer and interleukin 6 levels on vessel density and foveal avascular zone in patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can affect multiple organs, including the eyes.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify associations between vascular density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and baseline levels of D-dimers and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, depending on oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission.

Material And Methods: The study included patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized between March and May 2021.

Laser Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - An Update.

Laser treatment has been a mainstay for management of central serous chorioretinopathy for a few decades. Different types of lasers have been used and non-damaging retinal laser is the most recent option. The aim of this review is to provide an update on this form of treatment, based on the research published during last 5 years, in comparison with earlier studies published.

Oxidative Stress, Persistent Inflammation and Blood Coagulation Alterations in Serum Proteome of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness in elderly populations in developed countries. AMD's etiopathology is multifactorial, with strong environmental and genetic components, but the exact molecular pathomechanisms underlying the disease are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed blood serum collected from 74 neovascular AMD patients and 58 healthy controls to identify proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers and expand our knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of the disease.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment of the Optic Nerve Head in Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia.

: We aimed to investigate changes in the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). : This was a prospective study of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia between March and May 2021. The control group included healthy individuals matched for age and sex.

The Impact of a Single Haemodialysis Session on the Retinal Thickness and Optic Nerve Morphology.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a single haemodialysis (HD) session on the retinal and optic nerve morphology in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.

Methods: It is a prospective study including only the right eye of 35 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients subjected to HD. Each patient underwent a full eye examination 30 min before HD (8 a.

The Haemodialysis Session Effect on the Choroidal Thickness and Retinal and Choroidal Microcirculation-A Literature Review.

Haemodialysis (HD) is currently the most commonly used method of renal replacement therapy. The process of dialysis involves numerous changes that affect many systems, including the eye. The changes occurring in the course of HD may affect the ocular parameters, such as intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, retinal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and choroidal thickness (CT).

Long-term mortality after retinal artery occlusion - a single centre study.

Introduction And Objective: Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is an ophthalmic and systemic emergency requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. Data regarding mortality in this group, especially in the European population, are modest. The aim of this study is to assess all-cause mortality in post-RAO patients.

Long-Term Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the persistent changes in microvascular parameters based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. The case-control prospective study was carried out among 49 patients with COVID-19 and 45 healthy age- and gender-matched 2 and 8 months after hospital discharge. We found a significantly decreased vessel density (VD) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in COVID-19 patients.

Open Globe Injury (OGI) with a Presence of an Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFB)-Epidemiology, Management, and Risk Factors in Long Term Follow-Up.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate visual outcomes and consider management strategies in the eyes with an intraocular foreign body (IOFB). In a single-center, retrospective case-control study, 36 eyes of 36 patients who suffered from open globe injury (OGI) with IOFB were admitted to the Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery of Medical University of Lublin, Poland from January 2015 to December 2020. Most frequent primary procedure was the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with IOFB removal (n = 28).

The Effect of Reduced Oxygen Saturation on Retinal Microvascularization in COVID-19 Patients with Bilateral Pneumonia Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the retinal thickness and microvasculature based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) depending on baseline oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. The prospective study was carried out among 62 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent ophthalmic examination after hospital discharge. They were divided into three groups depending on the oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission: ≤90% (group 1), >90% and ≤95% (group 2), and >95% (group 3).

Changes in Tear Proteomic Profile in Ocular Diseases.

The search for proteomic biomarkers in ocular disease is one of the most important research directions in recent years. Reliable biomarkers can be an immense adjuvant for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. There is no more readily available ocular tissue for proteomic analysis than tear film, which makes an interesting target for the biomarker search.

Retinal Artery Occlusion and Its Impact on the Incidence of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and All-Cause Mortality during 12-Year Follow-Up.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO). This single-center retrospective study included 139 patients diagnosed with RAO between 2009 and 2020. The control group included 139 age- and sex-matched patients without RAO who underwent cataract surgery.

Retinal Microvascular Changes in COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal and choroidal microvascular alterations with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in COVID-19 patients hospitalized because of bilateral pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. The vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of 63 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who had positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and who recovered after receiving treatment and 45 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were evaluated and compared using OCTA in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). The VD was also estimated in both groups in the choriocapillaris (CC).

Susac's syndrome - the crucial role of imaging tests for proper diagnosis.

Introduction: Susac's syndrome (SS) is a rare, autoimmune-mediated endoteliopathy characterized by a clinical triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss. SS is also characterized by a neuroimaging triad consisting of white matter lesions, grey matter lesions, and leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Considering the rarity of SS, as well as certain similarity to other, more frequent neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), this syndrome is sometimes incorrectly diagnosed and treated.

The Inhibitory Effect of Selected D Dopaminergic Receptor Agonists on VEGF-Dependent Neovascularization in Zebrafish Larvae: Potential New Therapy in Ophthalmic Diseases.

Pathological angiogenesis is correlated with many ophthalmic diseases. The most common are exudative age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The current treatment for these diseases is based on regularly administered anti-VEGF antibodies injections.

Fusarium keratitis as a growing problem - case report and literature review.

Introduction And Objectives: With the rising number of contact lens users, there has been observed an increasing number of patients admitted to ophthalmology wards with severe keratitis, including those of fungal etiology. One of the most devastating specimens is Fusarium spp. If not diagnosed and treated from the onset of the symptoms, it can lead to severe visual loss, or even blindness.

Central and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion-Do They Harbor the Same Risk of Further Ischemic Events?

Purpose: Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, but whether different RAO subtypes such as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) or branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) carry similar risk of these events is unclear. Our aim was to determine whether the risk of cardiovascular events differs between CRAO and BRAO.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 131 patients hospitalized in our clinic in 2010-2020 with CRAO or BRAO confirmed by ophthalmic examination.

Dysregulated Tear Film Proteins in Macular Edema Due to the Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Are Involved in the Regulation of Protein Clearance, Inflammation, and Neovascularization.

Macular edema and its further complications due to the leakage from the choroidal neovascularization in course of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness among elderly individuals in developed countries. Changes in tear film proteomic composition have been reported to occur in various ophthalmic and systemic diseases. There is an evidence that the acute form of neovascular AMD may be reflected in the tear film composition.

Morphological Changes in Lamellar Macular Holes According to SD-OCT Examination over a Long Observation Period.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative morphological changes in lamellar macular holes (LMHs) based on SD-OCT examinations and to assess the correlations among minimal retinal thickness (MRT), reading vision (RV), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over a 36-month follow-up period.

Methods: A group of 40 patients (44 eyes) with LMH was evaluated, with an average age of 69.87 (SD = 10.

Quality of life among patients from urban and rural areas with advanced age-related macular degeneration assessed using the NEI-VFQ-25.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of exudative age-related macular degeneration on the quality of life of patients from urban and rural areas.

Material And Methods: The retrospective study included 144 Polish Caucasians with exudative age-related macular degeneration, treated with anti-VEGF, recruited from Department of Medical Retina in Lublinbetween March and June 2017. Clinical assessment included age, gender, visual acuity, complete ophthalmic examination, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography, medical history and the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire.

Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Its Relationship to Morphological and Functional Findings.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and their correlation with different functional, morphological features and general risk factors.

Material And Methods: The examined group included 59 CSC patients (14 F, 45 M, mean age 47.2 ± 9.

Erratum to the article: The implication of ocular manifestation of COVID-19 for medical staff and patients - systematic review.

Erratum to the article: Latalska M, Mackiewicz J. The implication of ocular manifestation of COVID-19 for medical staff and patients - systematic review. Ann Agric Environ Med.

Choroidal thickness in lamellar macular holes.

Purpose: (1) To assess the thickness of the central choroid (BM-CSI) in swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) examination of lamellar macular holes (LMHs). (2) To establish correlations between the thickness of the central choroid (BM-CSI) in the LHM and the parameters of best-corrected visual acuity and reading vision in patients with LMH.

Methods: This prospective case-control study assessed a group of 30 patients (30 eyes) with LMHs and a control group of 45 patients (90 eyes).