Serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A levels in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy: relation to newborn anthropometric parameters and maternal tobacco smoking.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of the first, second and third trimester serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) concentrations with neonatal anthropometric parameters. The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on PAPP-A level was also studied.

Material And Methods: One hundred and fifty healthy pregnant women were divided into smoking and tobacco-abstinent groups.

Tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy increases maternal blood lead levels affecting neonate birth weight.

To assess the effect of lead exposure from cigarette smoke on fetal growth, blood lead concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 150 healthy pregnant women. Mean lead concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly higher in the smoking group compared with the nonsmoking group in each trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.001).

[Effect of cigarette smoking on blood lead levels in pregnant women].

Unlabelled: Tobacco smoking creates health problems which apply not only to individuals and the family but also to different ages and social groups, as well as the national economy. Epidemiologic studies conducted at the Institute of Mother and Child indicated that in Poland 25-30% women smoke during pregnancy. Lead exposure from cigarette smoke may have a negative effect on the transplacental flow of micronutrients and have an adverse influence on the growth and development of the fetus, and then on children.

The pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and insulin-like growth factor system in response to cigarette smoking.

Objective: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in birth size but the mechanism by which this occurs still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on concentrations of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), II (IGF-II) and binding proteins BP-3 and BP-4 in pregnant women and correlations between these parameters.

Methods: Sixty healthy pregnant women were divided into smoking and tobacco-abstinent group according to results of serum cotinine concentration.

Pro-hepcidin concentration in serum of women in uncomplicated pregnancy, pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes and in pregnancy induced hypertension.

Unlabelled: Pro-hepcidin, mainly synthesized in hepatocytes is the pro-hormone of hepcidin which demonstrates antimicrobial activity and is the body's main regulator of iron homeostasis.

The Aim: The estimation of serum pro-hepcidin concentrations in uncomplicated pregnancy and complicated by premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).

Material And Methods: The studies were performed in 24 women in pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes, 31 women in pregnancy with induced hypertension and 35 healthy women in corresponding weeks of gestation (third trimester).

The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on plasma oxidant and antioxidant status in mother and newborn.

Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on oxidative damage and antioxidant defence in matched samples of maternal blood and cord blood.

Study Design: Healthy, pregnant women (n=140) were divided into non-smoking and smoking groups according to the concentration of cotinine in serum and urine. Oxidative damage was measured through levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring concentrations of total radical trapping parameters (TRAP) and selected antioxidants (β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E, uric acid).

[Evaluation of iron balance in healthy pregnant women and their newborns].

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron status markers in normal healthy pregnancy as well as the influence of maternal diet on iron concentration in their newborns.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted in a sample of 69 healthy non-smoking pregnant women under prenatal care of The Institute of Mother and Child. Blood samples were collected in the first, second and third trimesters and from the umbilical vein.

[Levels of immunoreactive cytokines in serum of women with preeclampsia or severe pregnancy hypertension].

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare concentrations of inflammatory and Th1/Th2 cytokines in serum obtained from women with preeclampsia or severe pregnancy hypertension versus normotensive controls.

Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 34 pregnant women with hypertension over 140/90mmHg and proteinuria over 0.3 g/day or severe pregnancy hypertension.

[The influence of lead on concentration of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnant women smoking tobacco--preliminary study].

The epidemiology studies conduct in Institute of Mother and Child indicated that in Poland 25-30% women smoke during pregnancy. Lead exposure from cigarette smoke may have a negative effect on transplacental transpire of micronutrients and if coexists with low concentration of pregnancy. associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) resulting in adverse influence on growth and fetal development.

[Concentrations of pro-hepcidin in serum of pregnant women and in umbilical cord blood].

Objectives: The aim of the study was to detect the presence of pro-hepcidin in the serum of pregnant women and in umbilical cord blood. Additionally, correlations between pro-hepcidin and other iron parameters were analyzed.

Material And Methods: Our study consisted of 32 healthy, pregnant women, patients of Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child (IMC).

[The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of uric acid in matched-maternal cord pairs].

Intensity of oxidative stress caused by prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance may have a pathophysiological effect in fetus of women smoking during pregnancy. Uric acid is the main contributor (60%) to TRAP (total radical trapping antioxidant parameters) which is markers of the plasma total antioxidants capacity. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking on concentration of uric acid in blood of pregnant women and in umbilical cord blood.

[Concentration of ferritin, transferrin and iron as a markers of iron deficiency in healthy women in reproductive age].

Unlabelled: Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy continues to be a clinical problem, which contributes to maternal and fetal morbidity. Iron store deficiency leads to iron deficient erythropoiesis and to negative iron balance when the iron supply is insufficient to maintain normal concentration of hemoglobin. The aim of this study was aimed to establish concentration of ferritin, transferrin and iron as a markers of iron deficiency in healthy women in reproductive age came for control examination to Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw.

[Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase in umbilical cord blood of newborns from mothers smoking during pregnancy].

In pregancy complicated by cigarette smoking prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance may have a pathomorphological and pathophysiological effect in fetus. Efficient enzymatic antioxidant systems are natural factors protecting cells from damaging by free oxygen species. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase in umbilical cord blood of newborns.

[The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of vitamin A and beta-carotene in matched-maternal cord pairs].

Tobacco smoking causes oxidant stress in pregnant women and may have a similar effect in fetus. Vitamin A and beta-carotene are natural factors protecting cells from damaging influence of free oxygen species.Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of vitamin A and beta-carotene in blood of mother and newborn.

[The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among 2016 pregnant women and their children in the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw].

During the year 2000 a screening was performed to estimate the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii infections in 2016 pregnant women and their children in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and in the Outpatient Clinic of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. The study was based on identifying IgG and IgM specific antibodies. All tests were done in the Department of Immunology.

[The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of vitamin E in blood of mothers and their newborns in umbilical cord blood].

Objectives: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy generates free radicals and has been implicated in oxidative cellular damage. Vitamin E is natural factor protecting cells from damaging influence of free oxygen species.

Design: The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of vitamin E in blood of mother and newborns.

[Prenatal diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome--actual diagnostic possibilities].

Crouzon syndrome is a cranio-facial dysostosis with autosomal dominant transmission and a birth prevalence of 16.5 per million newborns. Up till now there is no publications in polish medical journals about ultrasonic diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome or of any other craniostenosis.

[The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of malondialdehyde in blood of mothers and in umbilical cord blood].

Objectives: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be associated with not only intrauterine fetal growth retardation or low birth weight but also causes disturbances in postnatal growth and development. The prime role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes is almost universally accepted.

Design: The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde - MDA) in blood of mother and newborns.

[Concentrations of cotinine in serum and urine of smoking pregnant women and in placenta and umbilical cord blood].

Concentration of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine in body fluids, is commonly accepted as the method which may better reflect tobacco smoke exposure than the questionnaire. In order to assess adverse fetal health effects caused by cigarette smoking it is important to study the relation between maternal and fetal exposure to tobacco smoke compounds. We determined serum and urine cotinine levels in the course of pregnancy, as well as its concentration in placenta and umbilical cord blood.

[Total radical trapping antioxidants parameters on plasma in smoking and non-smoking matched maternal-cord pairs].

Oxidative stress in smoking pregnant women is assumed to be enhanced by oxidants and free radicals of tobacco smoke. Therefore we studied the effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on plasma total radical trapping antioxidants parameters (TRAP) in mothers and their babies. Pregnant women were selected into the groups according to concentration of cotinine in serum.

[Dietary assessment of pregnant women--vitamin and mineral supplementation--justified or not?].

The aim of the study was to assess the dietary intake of energy and nutrients of pregnant women in the Outpatient Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of National Research Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. The nutrient intake, the average daily food rations and their nutritional value were evaluated on the basis of recall and record of 7-days menus. The average daily food intake was compared to the recommendations for the first and second half of pregnancy.

[Effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on the status of some microelements in pregnant women].

We studied the effect of VIBOVITmama (Polfa Kutno S.A.) supplementation on the course of pregnancy duration, delivery and puerperium and also the status of zinc, copper and selenium in the blood of matched maternal-cord pairs.

[The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on the level of MDA and activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in blood of matched maternal-cord pairs].

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of VIBOVITmama (Polfa Kutno S.A.) supplementation on lipid peroxidation (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in blood of pregnant women and in umbilical cord blood of their children.

[The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on vitamins D, A (beta-carotene) and E concentration in blood of matched maternal-cord pairs].

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Vibovitmama supplementation on status of fat soluble vitamins D, A (beta-carotene) and E in blood of pregnant women and in umbilical cord blood of their children. In group taking Vibovitmama serum concentration of vitamin D, was higher by 10% than in the placebo group was observed. However it was within the normal range and was not statistically significant.