Thyroid cytology in pediatric patients: a single-center study from 2015 to 2023-is there a necessity for distinct treatment approaches for patients with and without autoimmune thyroiditis?

The management of thyroid nodules is guided by the cytological classification provided by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology. Notably, the biology of thyroid tumors in pediatric patients differs from that in adults, and there is limited research focused on pediatric cases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Bethesda system in pediatric patients treated at the largest tertiary pediatric thyroid center in Poland between 2015 and 2023.

Ultrasound-Histopathological Presentation of Thyroid and Ovary Lesions in Adolescent Patients with DICER1 Syndrome: Case Reports and Literature Overview.

Background: DICER1, a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS), seems to escape timely diagnosis in pediatric patients. Case report 1: A 16-year-old female patient was referred to the endocrinology ward due to a large goiter. Her medical history indicated normal sexual maturation, with menarche occurring at 13.

Reversibility of Hyperglycemic States in Children with Obesity - Diagnostic Pitfalls in the Assessment of Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Objective: Disorders of glucose metabolism in children with obesity are less common than in adults. There is also evidence that they may be transient. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalences of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its reversibility in pediatric patients with obesity and to define the factors determining the reversibility of prediabetes or progression to diabetes.

Depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a single-centre observational study.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) significantly affects the everyday functioning of the child and its family. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and estimate their potential association with various clinical parameters.

Material And Methods: 59 adolescents with T1DM (age 15-18) and their parents answered validated questionnaires (Children's Depression Inventory 2, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and a survey assessing everyday functioning.

Affected brother as the highest risk factor of type 1 diabetes development in children and adolescents: One center data before implementing type 1 diabetes national screening.

Background: There is an increased risk for childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) when T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reported in relatives.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate current family risk factors for T1D development before implementing a national screening program for T1D.

Material And Methods: A population of 879 Caucasian children and adolescents with T1D and 286 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.

Ultrasound, laboratory and histopathological insights in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma in a paediatric population: a single centre follow-up study between 2000-2022.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) often coincides with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT); whether this association is incidental or causal remains debated.

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonographic, laboratory, and histopathological features of PTC in paediatric patients with and without AIT and its relationship to puberty.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid ectopy not detected in neonatal screening - case report.

Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been highly effective in preventing devastating neurodevelopmental and physical sequelae in affected infants. We report a case of an ectopic thyroid gland located in the submandibular area detected at the age of 3 months, which was missed by congenital hypothyroidism screening test based on twice-repeated TSH measurement in dried blood spots. The diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism was confirmed on the basis of blood test performed in the endocrine clinic: TSH 26.

Ultrasound evolution of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma - a follow-up study.

Background: Follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma represents the vast majority of paediatric thyroid cancers (TCs). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for over 90% of all childhood TC cases, and its incidence in paediatric patients is increasing. The objective of this follow-up study was to present the outcome of ultrasound (US) and laboratory monitoring of paediatric patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) prior to the development of PTC.

Effects of Puberty on Blood Pressure Trajectories - Underlying Processes.

Puberty is a complex process leading to physical, sexual, and psychosocial maturation. The changes in morphology and organ function during puberty also affect blood pressure (BP) regulation, and as a consequence (BP) values change noticeably, reaching values often higher than after reaching full maturity. In children entering puberty, BP, especially systolic, increases and then reaches adult values by the end of puberty.

Fear of hyperglycaemia in parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - A multi-centre multinational study.

Aims: Study aims: (1) developing and validating a novel questionnaire for measuring fear of hyperglycaemia among parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) - the Hyperglycaemia Fear Survey - Parent version (FoHyper-P); (2) investigating correlations between parental fear of hyperglycaemia and objective measures of glycaemic control.

Methods: A multi-centre, multinational study of 152 parents of children with T1D was conducted in three large diabetes clinics from Israel, Poland, and Greece. Inclusion criteria were parents of children aged 6-16 years, at least 6 months from diagnosis, at least 3 months of CGM use and parental involvement in care.

Obesity in adolescents may be associated with limitations in daily activities and an increased level of anxiety in patients and their parents - preliminary results of a pilot study.

Unlabelled: Obesity is a chronic disease, that in adolescents may lead to serious consequences affecting somatic and mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety in adolescents with obesity and their parents. The relationships between depressive and anxiety symptoms and the somatic consequences of obesity were also analyzed.

Testicular microlithiasis in paediatric patients with Klinefelter syndrome from infancy till adolescence: early start of degenerative process in the testes-preliminary results.

Unlabelled: To present the results of testicular ultrasonography supported by clinical and hormonal aspects in paediatric patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Prospective analysis of medical files of 20 patients diagnosed with KS between 2016 and 2022. Assessed data included analysis of causes of referral, ultrasound, and clinical characterisation with hormonal evaluation of serum FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin B, and anti-Müllerian hormone.

New insights into thyroid dysfunction in patients with inactivating parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein signalling disorder (the hormonal and ultrasound aspects): One-centre preliminary results.

Objective: This study aimed to present the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, including hormonal and ultrasound aspects, in a cohort of paediatric and adult patients diagnosed with inactivating parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein signalling disorders 2 and 3 (iPPSD).

Methods: The medical records of 31 patients from 14 families diagnosed with iPPSD between 1980 and 2021 in a single tertiary unit were retrospectively analysed. Biochemical, hormonal, molecular, and ultrasonographic parameters were assessed.

Assessment of adrenal function in pediatric cancer survivors.

Introduction: Oncological therapy can temporarily or permanently disrupt adrenal gland function. The aim of our study was to assess the function of adrenal glands in cancer survivors and to find the best diagnostic tools for it.

Material And Methods: Sixty patients aged 1.

Arterial hypertension is associated with an increased risk of metabolic complications in pediatric patient with obesity.

Objectives: Coexistence of arterial hypertension (AH) in children with obesity increases morbidity and shortens life. Its role as an indicator of coexisting metabolic complications is however less known. The objective of the study was to compare metabolic profiles of children with obesity and with or without AH.

The Assessment of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis After Oncological Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Objective: Oncologic treatment can affect the adrenal glands, which in stressful situations may lead to life threatening adrenal crisis. The aim of the study was to assess adrenal function in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors and to identify the best markers for this assessment.

Methods: Forty-three ALL survivors, mean age 8.

Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases - preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Some storage diseases, caused by a deficiency of a specific enzyme, which results in the systemic accumulation of non-metabolized substances, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which can protect many organs, including the endocrine system.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in children with storage diseases treated with ERT, and to review the literature.

Material And Methods: Eight patients were included in the study: 3 with Fabry disease (age: 17; 9.

An Attempt to Assess the Impact of Pandemic Restrictions on the Lifestyle, Diet, and Body Mass Index of Children with Endocrine Diseases-Preliminary Results.

Background: Home isolation during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown strongly impacted everyday life, affecting, in particular, eating habits and everyday activity. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the pandemic on behaviors and subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) in children from Southern Poland.

Methods: The study included 206 participants (104 females and 102 males) with a complete analysis of 177 participants (96 females and 81 males) with a mean age of 12.

Nocturnal non-dipping on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in children and adolescents with obesity is associated with higher total cholesterol levels.

Background: Few studies indicate the occurrence of abnormal nocturnal dipping of blood pressure (BP) in 35-50% of children and adolescents with obesity. The relation between that phenomenon and metabolic complications of obesity remains unclear. To evaluate the association between disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and nocturnal non-dipping in pediatric patients with obesity.

Amino acids profile in girls with Turner syndrome during growth hormone therapy.

Introduction: The influence of growth hormone (GH) treatment on amino acids (AAs) profile in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) was investigated.

Material And Methods: The study group included girls with TS: treated with GH (GH+) and girls with no GH treatment (GH-). The control group consisted of healthy girls.

Increased prevalence of celiac disease and its clinical picture among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 - observations from a single pediatric center in Central Europe.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence and the clinical characteristic of celiac disease (CD) in pediatric population with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Material And Methods: The data of 880 patients with T1DM, 429 girls, mean age 12.14 ±4.