New Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence Confirms Independent Origin of Coxal Combs in the Families of the 'Cydnoid' Complex (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea).

Coxal combs, found only in members of the 'cydnoid' complex (comprising four families: Cydnidae, Parastrachiidae, Thaumastellidae, and Thyreocoridae) within the superfamily Pentatomoidea, have long been regarded as a character confirming their close evolutionary relationship. However, many studies have demonstrated that these four families are phylogenetically distant. Others have been treated as subfamilies of the broadly defined Cydnidae, with the coxal combs as the only character linking them.

Inconsistencies in the Classification of the Family Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) Revealed by Molecular Apomorphies in the Secondary and Tertiary Structures of 18S rRNA Length-Variable Region L (LVR L).

The SSU nuclear rDNA (encoding 18S ribosomal RNA) is one of the most frequently sequenced genes in the molecular analysis of insects. Molecular apomorphies in the secondary and tertiary structures of several 18S rRNA length-variable regions (LVRs) located within the V2, V4, and V7 hypervariable regions can be good indicators for recovering monophyletic groups within some heteropteran families. Among the LVRs that have been analysed, the LVR L in the V4 hypervariable region is the longest and most crucial for such assessments.

Tribe Acalyptaini (: Tinginae) Revisited: Can Apomorphies in Secondary and Tertiary Structures of Length-Variable Regions (LVRs) Support Tribe Validity?

The lace bug tribe Acalyptaini (Tingidae: Tinginae) includes five genera, , , , and and it was recently resurrected based on morphological and karyological characters. We aimed to validate the distinctiveness of this tribe using sequences, which have not been used in previous Tingidae phylogenomic studies. Our results confirmed the monophyly of the tribe.

Molecular Apomorphies in the Secondary and Tertiary Structures of Length-Variable Regions (LVRs) of 18S rRNA Shed Light on the Systematic Position of the Family Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea).

The , a small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (coding ), is one of the most frequently sequenced genes in molecular studies in Hexapoda. In insects, including true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), only its primary structures (i.e.

Systematic Position of the Fossil Burrower Bug Popov, 2019 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Cydnidae) Revealed by a Parallel/Cross-Eyed Viewing Method Used for Obtaining Three-Dimensional Images.

The fossil burrower bug described from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight, UK, is analysed using a parallel, cross-eyed viewing method. The species, tentatively placed in the subfamily Sehirinae, is redescribed and its systematic position is discussed. Newly recovered morphological characteristics allow it to be placed in the tribe Cydnini of the subfamily Cydninae.

One Species, Hundreds of Subspecies? New Insight into the Intraspecific Classification of the Old World Swallowtail ( Linnaeus, 1758) Based on Two Mitochondrial DNA Markers.

The Old World swallowtail Linnaeus, 1758 is one of the most well-known and most characteristic members of the family Papilionidae. Over the past two centuries, the butterfly has been the subject of many studies. is characterised by a tendency to change the wing colour pattern.

The King's Lace Bug Distant, 1909 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae): Systematic Position, First Palaearctic and Afrotropical Records, and Ecological Niche Modelling.

The systematic position and actual distribution of , for a long time one of the most enigmatic lace bug genus and species, is very obscure because only the type specimen and three other individuals from India are known to date. In the present paper, we report the first records of from the Palaearctic region (Iran) and tropical Africa (Ghana). Based on the occurrence localities and climatic variables, we predict potentially useful ecological niches for this species using Maxent software.

Geotomus granulosus, a peculiar sehirine-like new species of the subfamily Cydninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Burundi.

Geotomus granulosus sp. n. is described from Burundi, and is the third burrower bug species recorded hitherto from this country.

Ammianus pericarti sp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), the first strictly Palaearctic representative of the genus with a key to the species of the Ammianus junodi group.

Ammianus pericarti sp. n., the first strictly Palaearctic representative of the genus, is described from Agadir (Morocco) as new to the science.

emHypsipyrgias/em emjoseliae/em, a new species of lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae: Tinginae) from New Guinea with a key to species of the genus emHypsipyrgias/em, and comments on three allied genera emHypsipyrgias/em Kirkaldy, 1908, emDiplocysta/em Horváth, 1925, and Hypsotingis Drake, 1960.

Hypsipyrgias joseliae sp. n. (Heteroptera: Tingidae: Tinginae) from New Guinea is described, illustrated and compared with its two relatives, namely H.

Megymenum tuberculatum, a new species of Megymenini from Java and a review of distribution of M. brevicorne (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae).

Megymenum tuberculatum Hemala Kocorek, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae: Megymeninae: Megymenini) from Java (Indonesia) is described, illustrated and compared with M.

Notes on Afrotropical Cydnidae (Heteroptera) with emphasis on vehicle-mounted net samples and description of a new species from Liberia, West Africa.

Notes on the Cydnidae fauna in Liberia, sampled with a vehicle-mounted net, the species taxonomy and general distribution are reported, including the description of Chilocoris elongatus sp. nov. In addition, new country records are provided for Angola, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guine    a-Bissau, Namibia, Niger, Republic of South Africa, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

Another alien bug in Europe: the first case of transcontinental introduction of the Asiatic burrower bug Macroscytus subaeneus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) to the U.K. through maritime transport.

The Oriental burrower bug Macroscytus subaeneus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Cydninae), presently known only from single localities in Flores (Indonesia), the Philippines and Thailand, is recorded from the United Kingdom (hereafter U.K.).

Chilocoris capensis n. sp., the first species of the genus Chilocoris Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) recorded in the Republic of South Africa with an annotated checklist of South African burrower bugs.

Chilocoris capensis n. sp. collected from fallen ripe figs of broom cluster fig Ficus sur Forsskål, 1775, the first burrower bug species of the genus Chilocoris Mayr, 1865 recorded in the Republic of South Africa, is described and compared with Chilocoris laevicollis Horváth, 1919, the morphologically most closely allied Afrotropical species.

Amnestus mendeli sp. n., the first burrower bug species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) recorded on Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean.

A new species of the genus Amnestus Dallas, 1851, Amnestus mendeli, is described from the cloud zone of Green Mountain, Ascension Island, and compared with its closest relatives, the Brazilian Amnestus lenkoi Froeschner, 1975 and Amnestus pequinus Froeschner, 1975. It is the first representative of the family Cydnidae recorded on the island thus far. The species is presumed to be an introduction from the Americas, but the hypothesis that it might be endemic to Ascension Island is also not excluded.

Chilocoris laevicollis Horváth, 1919, and Ch. umbricola Linnavuori, 1993-two trogloxenic burrower bugs recorded for the first time in Gabon (Central Africa).

First country records of two burrower bugs, Chilocoris laevicollis, and Ch. umbricola (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Gabon (Central Africa) are presented. The study was based on the specimens collected by Dr.

In BOLD we trust? A commentary on the reliability of specimen identification for DNA barcoding: a case study on burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae).

An assessment was performed regarding the accuracy of various types of data deposited in the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) related to the true bug family Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Taxonomic nomenclature and classification, identification reliability, and the correctness of the data provided in the "Taxon description" were analyzed and commented on with respect to both available versions of the BOLD system, i.e.

Chilocoris serratus n. sp., the first burrower bug species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) recorded in Guinea-Bissau with an annotated checklist of the Afrotropical species of the genus Chilocoris Mayr, 1865.

The first burrower bug species recorded in Guinea-Bissau, Chilocoris serratus n. sp., is described and compared with morphologically related species.

Description and DNA barcoding of Ochetostethomorpha secunda, a new species of the South African endemic burrower bug genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Namibia.

Ochetostethomorpha secunda sp. nov. from Namibia, the second species of the South African endemic genus is described, illustrated, and compared with O.

Towards resolving a problem of the identity of the Aethus species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) occurring in Cambodia.

The genus Aethus in Cambodia is known only from a single species collected in the 1950s that was originally identified as A. indicus. However, what was regarded as A.

First record of Megacydnus secundus J. A. Lis, 2002, a representative of Afrotropical endemic burrower bug genus from Uganda, and an annotated checklist of Ugandan Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

The Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) is a true bug family with almost 700 species distributed worldwide (Lis 1996, 1999, 2006). These bugs usually dig in the ground (e.g.

Geographic distribution and niche divergence of two stinkbugs, Parastrachia japonensis and Parastrachia nagaensis.

Parastrachiidae is a small stinkbug family containing only one genus and two species, Parastrachia japonensis (Scott) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) and Parastrachia nagaensis Distant. The geographic distribution of the genus has been poorly studied. Niche conservatism refers to that idea that closely related species are more ecologically similar than would be expected, whereas niche divergence predicts they occupy distinct niche spaces.