Temporal Bone Fractures Caused by Ballistic Projectiles: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Ballistic injuries to the temporal bone are uncommon but devastating injuries that damage critical neurovascular structures. This review describes outcomes after ballistic injuries to the temporal bone and offers initiatives for standardized high-quality future research.

Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane.

Trans-labyrinthine Infra-trigeminal Approach for Recurrent Pontomedullary Cavernoma: A Step-wise Technical Note.

Recurrent brainstem cavernoma is a challenging lesion due to the neurological risks associated with different surgical approaches. In this technical report, we present a 35-year-old female with a history of multiple brain cavernomas. She underwent midline suboccipital craniotomy and trans-fourth ventricle approach for resection of the brain stem cavernoma following two major bleeding episodes, one year prior to the presentation.

DNA sequence analysis and genotype-phenotype assessment in 71 patients with syndromic hearing loss or auditory neuropathy.

Objectives: Aetiological assessment of 71 probands whose clinical presentation suggested a genetic syndrome or auditory neuropathy.

Methods: Sanger sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from peripheral blood or lymphoblastoid cell lines. Genes were selected for sequencing based on each patient's clinical presentation and suspected diagnosis.

American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guideline for the clinical evaluation and etiologic diagnosis of hearing loss.

Hearing loss is a common and complex condition that can occur at any age, can be inherited or acquired, and is associated with a remarkably wide array of etiologies. The diverse causes of hearing loss, combined with the highly variable and often overlapping presentations of different forms of hearing loss, challenge the ability of traditional clinical evaluations to arrive at an etiologic diagnosis for many deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. However, identifying the etiology of a hearing loss may affect clinical management, improve prognostic accuracy, and refine genetic counseling and assessment of the likelihood of recurrence for relatives of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals.

Cochlear implant electrode misplacement: incidence, evaluation, and management.

Objectives/hypothesis: To review the presentation and management of improper electrode array placement, and to help guide clinical decision-making.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Pediatric and adult cochlear implant patients managed from January 2001 to present whose electrode arrays were not placed properly within the cochlea or extended beyond the cochlea into the internal auditory canal or adjacent structures.

Chondroblastoma-like chondroma of soft tissue: report of the first case in the base of skull.

Chondroblastoma-like chondroma (CLC) of soft tissue is a rare benign neoplasm that usually involves the soft tissues of the hand. This report describes the first case of CLC of soft tissue arising in the base of the skull. A 33-year-old man was seen with a slow growing mass in the right parotid region of his face.

Comprehensive diagnostic battery for evaluating sensorineural hearing loss in children.

Objective: Selection of diagnostic tests for children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is influenced by clinical suspicion. Testing results reported in the literature are similarly biased. We evaluate the usefulness of a comprehensive diagnostic battery for each child.

Inner ear anomalies in congenital aural atresia.

Objectives: To define the prevalence of inner ear anomalies in aural atresia patients and to recognize patterns of developmental anomalies in aural atresia patients.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Characteristics of malfunctioning channels in pediatric cochlear implants.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine the characteristics of pediatric cochlear implant channel malfunction preceding device failure.

Study Design: : Retrospective review.

Methods: All pediatric patients who underwent cochlear implantation at a tertiary academic medical center were reviewed regarding device type, reason for replacement, time to replacement, and timing and pattern of channel faults in failed versus nonfailed devices.

Algorithm for reconstruction after endoscopic pituitary and skull base surgery.

Introduction: The expanding role of endoscopic skull base surgery necessitates a thorough understanding of the indications, techniques, and limitations of the various approaches to reconstruction. The technique and outcomes of endoscopic skull base reconstruction remain incompletely described in the literature.

Study Design And Methods: Patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery underwent an algorithmic approach to reconstruction based on tumor location, defect size, and presence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

The role of oral fluid intake following adeno-tonsillectomy.

Objective: To compare the incidence of complications following pediatric adeno-tonsillectomy (T&A) in patients who are encouraged to drink oral liquid versus patients who drink on a voluntary basis.

Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, non-blinded study performed in a tertiary care medical center. Ninety-three otherwise healthy pediatric patients aged 2-12 years undergoing ambulatory T&A by a single surgeon were included in the study.

Catheter- and antibiotic-related complications of ambulatory intravenous antibiotic therapy for chronic refractory rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis has several features of a prolonged bacterial infection including positive bacterial cultures and abnormal computed tomography findings such as mucosal thickening and hyperostotic bone. Recent studies have suggested that chronic rhinosinusitis may be treated successfully by outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT). In this setting, antibiotics are administered through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).