Birnessite is a layered MnO mineral capable of intercalating nanometric water films in its bulk. With its variable distributions of Mn oxidation states (Mn, Mn, and Mn), cationic vacancies, and interlayer cationic populations, birnessite plays key roles in catalysis, energy storage solutions, and environmental (geo)chemistry. We here report the molecular controls driving the nanoscale intercalation of water in potassium-exchanged birnessite nanoparticles.
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