Background: Basiliximab induction immunosuppression is increasingly employed in lung transplant recipients despite limited prospective evidence to support its use in this population. We sought to determine the relationship between basiliximab induction and development of acute rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, and other clinically relevant outcomes in a multicenter lung transplant cohort with variable induction practice patterns.
Methods: We applied propensity-based statistical methods to rigorous, prospectively collected longitudinal data from 768 newly transplanted adult lung recipients at 5 North American centers (368 who received basiliximab induction immunosuppression and 400 who received no induction immunosuppression).
Rationale: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) hinders lung transplant success. A 2019 consensus refined CLAD diagnosis, introducing probable or definite CLAD based on persistence of lung function decline. Outcomes and risks for probable CLAD remain uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContemp Clin Trials Commun
April 2024
Background: Registry-based trials have the potential to reduce randomized clinical trial (RCT) costs. However, observed cost differences also may be achieved through pragmatic trial designs. A systematic comparison of trial costs across different designs has not been previously performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although perioperative prophylactic glucocorticoids have been used for decades, whether they improve outcomes in infants after heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is unknown.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, registry-based trial involving infants (<1 year of age) undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at 24 sites participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. Registry data were used in the evaluation of outcomes.
We determined prognostic implications of acute lung injury (ALI) and organizing pneumonia (OP), including timing relative to transplantation, in a multicenter lung recipient cohort. We sought to understand clinical risks that contribute to development of ALI/OP. We analyzed prospective, histologic diagnoses of ALI and OP in 4786 lung biopsies from 803 adult lung recipients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistopathologic lung allograft injuries are putative harbingers for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). However, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are potent chemoattractants of mononuclear cells and potential propagators of allograft injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe histopathologic diagnosis of acute allograft injury is prognostically important in lung transplantation with evidence demonstrating a strong and consistent association between acute rejection (AR), acute lung injury (ALI), and the subsequent development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). The pathogenesis of these allograft injuries, however, remains poorly understood. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are CXC chemokines induced by interferon-γ and act as potent chemoattractants of mononuclear cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Respir Crit Care Med
August 2020
Acute rejection, manifesting as lymphocytic inflammation in a perivascular (acute perivascular rejection [AR]) or peribronchiolar (lymphocytic bronchiolitis [LB]) distribution, is common in lung transplant recipients and increases the risk for chronic graft dysfunction. To evaluate clinical factors associated with biopsy-proven acute rejection during the first post-transplant year in a present-day, five-center lung transplant cohort. We analyzed prospective diagnoses of AR and LB from over 2,000 lung biopsies in 400 newly transplanted adult lung recipients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term survival after lung transplant lags behind that of other commonly transplanted organs, reflecting the current incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of posttransplant lung injury, rejection, infection, and chronic allograft dysfunction. To address this unmet need, 2 ongoing National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease funded studies through the Clinical Trials in Organ Transplant Consortium (CTOT) CTOT-20 and CTOT-22 were dedicated to understanding the clinical factors and biological mechanisms that drive chronic lung allograft dysfunction and those that maintain cytomegalovirus polyfunctional protective immunity. The CTOT-20 and CTOT-22 studies enrolled 800 lung transplant recipients at 5 North American centers over 3 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompelling data have linked disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with lung dysbiosis and the resulting dysregulated local and systemic immune response. Moreover, prior therapeutic trials have suggested improved outcomes in these patients treated with either sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim or doxycycline. These trials have been limited by methodological concerns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Advanced heart failure (HF) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Conventional therapy may not sufficiently reduce patient suffering and maximize quality of life.
Objectives: The authors investigated whether an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention in addition to evidence-based HF care improves certain outcomes.
Objective: This study tested whether positive response to short-term treatment for adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) would have the secondary benefit of preventing subsequent alcohol use disorders (AUD) or substance use disorders (SUD).
Method: For 5 years, we followed 192 adolescents (56.2% female; 20.
Context: Major depressive disorder in adolescents is common and impairing. Efficacious treatments have been developed, but little is known about longer-term outcomes, including recurrence.
Objectives: To determine whether adolescents who responded to short-term treatments or who received the most efficacious short-term treatment would have lower recurrence rates, and to identify predictors of recovery and recurrence.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
March 2009