Elucidation of the Bovine Intramammary Bacteriome and Resistome from healthy cows of Swiss dairy farms in the Canton Tessin.

Healthy, untreated cows of nine dairy herds from the Swiss Canton Tessin were analyzed three times within one year to identify the most abundant species of the intramammary bacteriome. Aseptically collected milk samples were cultured and bacteria identified using MALDI-TOF. Of 256 cows analyzed, 96% were bacteriologically positive and 80% of the 1,024 quarters were positive for at least one bacterial species.

Direct labeling of milk cells without centrifugation for counting total and differential somatic cells using flow cytometry.

Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is an essential indicator for defining and managing udder health. However, analyzing differential SCC (dSCC) can be helpful in determining the type or evolution stage of mastitis. A high abundance of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) is associated with acute mastitis; however, the status of a chronic disease is less well characterized.

HMGB1 promotes CXCL12-dependent egress of murine B cells from Peyer's patches in homeostasis.

High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is an alarmin that, once released, promotes inflammatory responses, alone and as a complex with the chemokine CXCL12. Here, we report that the HMGB1-CXCL12 complex plays an essential role also in homeostasis by controlling the migration of B lymphocytes. We show that extracellular HMGB1 is critical for the CXCL12-dependent egress of B cells from the Peyer's patches (PP).

Silver-Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanocapsules for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

Background: Joint arthroplasty has improved the quality of life of patients worldwide, but infections of the prosthesis are frequent and cause significant morbidity. Antimicrobial coatings for implants promise to prevent these infections.

Methods: We have synthesized nanocapsules of titanium dioxide in amorphous or anatase form containing silver as antibacterial agent and tested their impact on bacterial growth.

Development of resiquimod-loaded modified PLA-based nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy: A kinetic study.

Resiquimod (R848), a member of the imidazoquinoline family, is a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist with high potency for cancer immunotherapy. However, tolerance induction and adverse effects limit its development as a drug. Encapsulation in a polymer matrix can circumvent these limitations, as shown in our formerly published approach where R848 was loaded into polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanoparticles (NP).

Polymer-based nanoparticles loaded with a TLR7 ligand to target the lymph node for immunostimulation.

Small-molecule agonists for the Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 are effective for the immunotherapy of skin cancer when used as topical agents. Their systemic use has however been largely unsuccessful due to dose-limiting toxicity. We propose a polymer-based nanodelivery system to target resiquimod, a TLR7 ligand, to the lymph node in order to focus the immunostimulatory activity and to prevent a generalized inflammatory response.

Antimicrobial silver-filled silica nanorattles with low immunotoxicity in dendritic cells.

The progression in the use of orthopedic implants has led to an increase in the absolute number of implant infections, triggering a search for more effective antibacterial coatings. Nanorattles have recently gained interest in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, as encapsulation of the cargo inside the hollow structure provides a physical protection from the surrounding environment. Here, silver-containing silica nanorattles (Ag@SiO) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential and for their impact on cells of the immune system.