3D Printed Mesh Geometry Modulates Immune Response and Interface Biology in Mouse and Sheep Model: Implications for Pelvic Floor Surgery.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a highly prevalent yet neglected health burden for women. Strengthening thepelvic floor with bioactive tissue-engineered meshes is an emerging concept. The study investigates tissue regenerative design parameters, including degradability, porosity, and angulation, to develop alternative degradable melt electrowritten (MEW) constructs for surgical applications of POP.

Immunobiology of foreign body response to composite PLACL/gelatin electrospun nanofiber meshes with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in a mouse model: Implications in pelvic floor tissue engineering and regeneration.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a common gynaecological disorder where pelvic organs protrude into the vagina. While transvaginal mesh surgery using non-degradable polymers was a commonly accepted treatment for POP, it has been associated with high rates of adverse events such as mesh erosion, exposure and inflammation due to serious foreign body response and therefore banned from clinical use after regulatory mandates. This study proposes a tissue engineering strategy using uterine endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSC) delivered with degradable poly L-lactic acid-co-poly ε-caprolactone (PLACL) and gelatin (G) in form of a composite electrospun nanofibrous mesh (P + G nanomesh) and evaluates the immunomodulatory mechanism at the material interfaces.

Vaginal pressure sensor measurement during maximal voluntary pelvic floor contraction correlates with vaginal birth and pelvic organ prolapse-A pilot study.

Aims: To measure the force applied along the anterior and posterior vaginal walls in a cohort of 46 patients measured by a fiber-optic pressure sensor and determine if this correlates with vaginal parity and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods: An intravaginal fiber-optic sensor measured pressure at nine locations along the anterior and posterior vaginal walls during a maximal voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction (MVC). An automated probe dilation cycle measured the tissue resistance incorporating the vagina and surrounding anatomy.

Endometrial SUSD2 Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Tissue Engineering: Advances in Novel Cellular Constructs for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Cellular therapy is an emerging field in clinical and personalised medicine. Many adult mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC) or pluripotent derivatives are being assessed simultaneously in preclinical trials for their potential treatment applications in chronic and degenerative human diseases. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (eMSC) have been identified as clonogenic cells that exist in unique perivascular niches within the uterine endometrium.

Identification and characterisation of maternal perivascular SUSD2 placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that meet the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria are obtained from placental tissue by plastic adherence. Historically, no known single marker was available for isolating placental MSCs (pMSCs) from the decidua basalis. As the decidua basalis is derived from the regenerative endometrium, we hypothesised that SUSD2, an endometrial perivascular MSC marker, would purify maternal perivascular pMSC.

Immunobiology and Application of Aloe Vera-Based Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering.

Aloe vera (AV), a succulent plant belonging to the Liliaceae family, has been widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical application. Its popularity stems from several of its bioactive components that have anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and even immunomodulatory effects. Given such unique multi-modal biological impact, AV has been considered as a biomaterial for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications, where tissue repair and neo-angiogenesis are vital.

Comparing the Effect of TGF-β Receptor Inhibition on Human Perivascular Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Endometrium, Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissues.

Rare perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with therapeutic properties have been identified in many tissues. Their rarity necessitates extensive in vitro expansion, resulting in spontaneous differentiation, cellular senescence and apoptosis, producing therapeutic products with variable quality and decreased potency. We previously demonstrated that A83-01, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor inhibitor, maintained clonogenicity and promoted the potency of culture-expanded premenopausal endometrial MSCs using functional assays and whole-transcriptome sequencing.

Emerging Nano/Micro-Structured Degradable Polymeric Meshes for Pelvic Floor Reconstruction.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a hidden women's health disorder that impacts 1 in 4 women across all age groups. Surgical intervention has been the only treatment option, often involving non-degradable meshes, with variable results. However, recent reports have highlighted the adverse effects of meshes in the long term, which involve unacceptable rates of erosion, chronic infection and severe pain related to mesh shrinkage.

Electrospun Nanofiber Meshes With Endometrial MSCs Modulate Foreign Body Response by Increased Angiogenesis, Matrix Synthesis, and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Mice: Implication in Pelvic Floor.

Purpose: Transvaginal meshes for the treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) have been associated with severe adverse events and have been banned for clinical use in many countries. We recently reported the design of degradable poly L-lactic acid-co-poly ε-caprolactone nanofibrous mesh (P nanomesh) bioengineered with endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSC) for POP repair. We showed that such bioengineered meshes had high tissue integration as well as immunomodulatory effects .

Coatings Releasing the Relaxin Peptide Analogue B7-33 Reduce Fibrotic Encapsulation.

The development of antifibrotic materials and coatings that can resist the foreign body response (FBR) continues to present a major hurdle in the advancement of current and next-generation implantable medical devices, biosensors, and cell therapies. From an implant perspective, the most important issue associated with the FBR is the prolonged inflammatory response leading to a collagenous capsule that ultimately blocks mass transport and communication between the implant and the surrounding tissue. Up to now, most attempts to reduce the capsule thickness have focused on providing surface coatings that reduce protein fouling and cell attachment.

A fiber-optic sensor-based device for the measurement of vaginal integrity in women.

Aims: Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in women are a major public health concern. Current clinical methods for assessing PFDs are either subjective or confounded by interference from intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). This study introduces an intravaginal probe that can determine distributed vaginal pressure during voluntary exercises and measures the degree of vaginal tissue support independent of IAP fluctuations.

Mesenchymal stem cell-based bioengineered constructs: foreign body response, cross-talk with macrophages and impact of biomaterial design strategies for pelvic floor disorders.

An excessive foreign body response (FBR) has contributed to the adverse events associated with polypropylene mesh usage for augmenting pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Consequently, current biomaterial research considers the critical role of the FBR and now focuses on developing better biocompatible biomaterials rather than using inert implants to improve the clinical outcomes of their use. Tissue engineering approaches using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have improved outcomes over traditional implants in other biological systems through their interaction with macrophages, the main cellular player in the FBR.

Tissue engineering approaches for treating pelvic organ prolapse using a novel source of stem/stromal cells and new materials.

Purpose Of Review: Nondegradable transvaginal polypropylene meshes for treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are now generally unavailable or banned. In this review, we summarize recent developments using tissue engineering approaches combining alternate degradable scaffolds with a novel source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from human endometrium (eMSC).

Recent Findings: Tissue engineering constructs comprising immunomodulatory, reparative eMSC and biomimetic materials with nanoarchitecture are a promising approach for vaginal repair and improving outcomes of POP surgery.

Biocompatibility and immunogenic response to recombinant honeybee silk material.

If tolerated in biological environments, recombinant structural proteins offer the advantage that biological cues dictating cell attachment and material degradation can be modified as required for clinical application using genetic engineering. In this study, we investigate the biological response to materials generated from the recombinant honeybee silk protein, AmelF3, a structural protein that can be produced at high levels by fermentation in Escherichia coli. The protein can be readily purified from E.

Blended Nanostructured Degradable Mesh with Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Tissue Integration and Anti-Inflammatory Response in Vivo for Pelvic Floor Application.

The current urogynecological clinical meshes trigger unfavorable foreign body response which leads to graft failure in the long term. To overcome the present challenge, we applied a tissue engineering strategy using endometrial SUSD2+ mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) with high regenerative properties. This study delves deeper into foreign body response to SUSD2+ eMSC based degradable PLACL/gelatin nanofiber meshes using a mouse model targeted at understanding immunomodulation and mesh integration in the long term.

In Vivo Survival of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted Under the Kidney Capsule of Immunocompromised Mice.

Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) are a well-characterized adult stem cell type with potential for use in regenerative medicine or cell therapy. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated that eMSCs promoted wound healing by reducing the inflammatory response through a paracrine action in a subcutaneous rat model of wound repair. However, an efficient protocol for culturing eMSCs in the undifferentiated state and a reliable method of labeling them for cell tracking were lacking.

Ovine multiparity is associated with diminished vaginal muscularis, increased elastic fibres and vaginal wall weakness: implication for pelvic organ prolapse.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a major clinical burden affecting 25% of women, with vaginal delivery a major contributing factor. We hypothesised that increasing parity weakens the vagina by altering the extracellular matrix proteins and smooth muscle thereby leading to POP vulnerability. We used a modified POP-quantification (POP-Q) system and a novel pressure sensor to measure vaginal wall weakness in nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous ewes.

2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan-assisted BMP-2 immobilization of PCL scaffolds for enhanced osteoinduction.

The aim of this study was to develop a 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan (26SCS) modified electrospun fibrous PCL scaffold for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery to improve osteoinduction. The PCL scaffold was modified by an aminolysis reaction using ethylenediamine (ED) and 26SCS was immobilized via electrostatic interactions (PCL-N-S). Scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements.

Enhanced articular cartilage by human mesenchymal stem cells in enzymatically mediated transiently RGDS-functionalized collagen-mimetic hydrogels.

Unlabelled: Recapitulation of the articular cartilage microenvironment for regenerative medicine applications faces significant challenges due to the complex and dynamic biochemical and biomechanical nature of native tissue. Towards the goal of biomaterial designs that enable the temporal presentation of bioactive sequences, recombinant bacterial collagens such as Streptococcal collagen-like 2 (Scl2) proteins can be employed to incorporate multiple specific bioactive and biodegradable peptide motifs into a single construct. Here, we first modified the backbone of Scl2 with glycosaminoglycan-binding peptides and cross-linked the modified Scl2 into hydrogels via matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7)-cleavable or non-cleavable scrambled peptides.

Real-time measurement of the vaginal pressure profile using an optical-fiber-based instrumented speculum.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when changes to the pelvic organ support structures cause descent or herniation of the pelvic organs into the vagina. Clinical evaluation of POP is a series of manual measurements known as the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) score. However, it fails to identify the mechanism causing POP and relies on the skills of the practitioner.

Native thymic extracellular matrix improves in vivo thymic organoid T cell output, and drives in vitro thymic epithelial cell differentiation.

Although the thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, its function is compromised by an age-induced loss of resident epithelial cells, which results in reduced naïve T cell output. This has important implications for immune recovery in aged and elderly patients following damage from cytoablative therapies. As thymic architecture plays a crucial role in naïve T cell development, a tissue specific scaffold that provides essential supporting matrix may assist in stem cell-based thymus regeneration to recreate complex organoids.

Engineering specific chemical modification sites into a collagen-like protein from Streptococcus pyogenes.

Recombinant bacterial collagens provide a new opportunity for safe biomedical materials. They are readily expressed in Escherichia coli in good yield and can be readily purified by simple approaches. However, recombinant proteins are limited in that direct secondary modification during expression is generally not easily achieved.