Treatment of sialorrhea with botulinum toxin injections in pediatric patients less than three years of age.

Objective: To determine the patient demographics and the efficacy and safety profile of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for sialorrhea control in patients under the age of three.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review study. Patients under three years of age who received BTX injections for sialorrhea management from 2010 to 2021 were assessed.

Systemic Bevacizumab for Treatment of Respiratory Papillomatosis: International Consensus Statement.

Objectives/hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to develop consensus on key points that would support the use of systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and to provide preliminary guidance surrounding the use of this treatment modality.

Study Design: Delphi method-based survey series.

Methods: A multidisciplinary, multi-institutional panel of physicians with experience using systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of RRP was established.

Injection Laryngoplasty for the Treatment of Type 1 Laryngeal Clefts: A Single Institution Experience.

Objective: Standards for treatment of laryngeal clefts remain poorly defined. There are no large case series that report the efficacy of injection laryngoplasty (IL) in the treatment of pediatric Type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC-1). The objective of this study is to measure the effect of IL in young children with LC-1.

The use of imaging to identify immunocompromised children requiring biopsy for invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Background And Purpose: Children with severe immunocompromise due to cancer therapy or hematopoietic cell transplant are at risk both for potentially lethal invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS), and for complications associated with gold-standard biopsy diagnosis. We investigated whether early imaging could reliably identify or exclude IFRS in this population, thereby reducing unnecessary biopsy.

Methods: We reviewed clinical/laboratory data and cross-sectional imaging from 31 pediatric patients evaluated for suspicion of IFRS, 19 without (age 11.

Anterior Tongue Microglossia: Impact on Face Development.

Microglossia is an extremely rare developmental condition that might impact the patient's respiratory, feeding and speech functions, in addition to other intraoral structures. Embryologically, the tongue has 2 origins, which when affected, will determine whether the patient has microglossia or aglossia. A multidisciplinary team should adopt an organized approach based on confirmation by direct laryngoscopy, determination whether associated airway anomalies, mandibular deformities are present; followed by assessment of the ventilatory and feeding status.

Dexamethasone Use in the Treatment of Pediatric Deep Neck Space Infections.

Objectives: Assess the outcome of Intravenous (IV) dexamethasone in the treatment of pediatric deep neck space infections (DNSI) in combination with IV antibiotics.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients admitted for a DNSI from March 2014 to June 2016. Patient characteristics including demographics, abscess type, antibiotic, dexamethasone, surgery, culture, and length of stay (LOS) were obtained.

Advanced practice providers and children's hospital-based pediatric otolarynology practices.

Introduction: Advanced practice providers (APPs), including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, have been deployed in children's hospital-based academic pediatric otolaryngology practices for many years. However, this relationship in terms of prevalence, roles, financial consequences and satisfaction has not been examined. The objective of this study is to explore how APPs impact healthcare delivery in this setting.

Injection bronchoplasty with carboxymethlycellulose with cystoscopy needle for neonatal persistent bronchopleural fistulae.

Objective: We describe the novel use of injectable carboxymethylcellulose to close a persistent bronchopleural fistula (BPF) in a neonate who underwent an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) after aborted fetoscopy.

Methods: In this case, a patient with laryngeal atresia underwent fetoscopy that was halted after concern for instruments within the mediastinum, and thus ultimately required an EXIT to establish an airway. Bilateral pneumothoraces and eventually multiple BPF were identified that continued to persist despite multiple attempts at removal of chest tubes over a four-week period.

Intratonsillar abscess: A not-so-rare clinical entity.

Objective: To report the prevalence of intratonsillar abscess in the pediatric population at our institution and demonstrate that intratonsillar abscess is a more commonly encountered diagnosis than previously reported.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed that included patients presenting to our pediatric tertiary referral academic emergency department from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 diagnosed with intratonsillar abscess on computed tomography.

Results: In the year 2014, 22 children were diagnosed with intratonsillar abscess by radiological criteria.

Anterior skull base duplication requiring delivery via EXIT procedure: A case report.

Duplication of the anterior skull base structures is an extremely rare malformation of failed midline blastogenesis. We present the case of a child with an obstructive oral cavity mass diagnosed on prenatal imaging. The child was successfully delivered by EXIT procedure, a tracheotomy was performed, and postnatal imaging demonstrated an array of craniofacial malformations, including complete duplication of the maxilla, pituitary glands, aqueducts of Sylvius, and basilar arteries.

Comparison of cidofovir and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

We conducted a retrospective study of the use of cidofovir and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccineas adjunctive treatments to lesion debridement in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Our study population was made up of 15 children-7 boys and 8 girls, aged 1 to 16 years at diagnosis (mean: 6.2)-with pathologically confirmed RRP who had been followed for at least 1 year.

Invasive fungal sinusitis in the pediatric population: Systematic review with quantitative synthesis of the literature.

Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) represents an often fatal condition within the pediatric population. In an effort to characterize demographics, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors, we performed a systematic review.

Methods: We systematically reviewed EMBASE, Medline, TRIPdatabase, SCOPUS and the Cochrane database for invasive fungal nasal and sinus infections limited to individuals <18 years of age.

Retrospective Review of Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Descending Mediastinitis.

Objectives: To review the management and outcomes of pediatric patients treated for descending mediastinitis at a single institution and contribute to an updated mortality rate.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Palatopharyngoplasty with bilateral buccal mucosal graft repair to alleviate oropharyngeal stenosis.

Oropharyngeal stenosis is rare, but known complication from tonsillectomy procedure. A 15-year-old female presented with refractory dyspnea, mild obstructive sleep apnea, and dysphagia. She underwent tonsillectomy 3 years prior.

Traumatic tracheal injury in children: a case series supporting conservative management.

Objectives: Injuries to the tracheobronchial region are rare, but have the potential for rapid progression and can become life-threatening. Etiologies of non-penetrating tracheobronchial injuries include blunt cervical trauma, endotracheal intubation, and other iatrogenic causes. Several options for treatment ranging from conservative to surgical exist, but no single treatment has been implemented with consensus.

Non-otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis: a complication of acute sphenoid sinusitis.

The consequences of intracranial spread of sinus infection can be dismal. The subtle presentation of sphenoid sinusitis often leads to a delay in diagnosis. The disease may go unrecognized until complications are severe enough to cause more localizing symptoms.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of neonatal suppurative parotitis: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Suppurative parotitis is an uncommon entity identified in newborns. While Staphylococcus aureus has been frequently identified as the causative pathogen among the few patients diagnosed with neonatal suppurative parotitis (NSP), there has only been one prior case described in the literature that was due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Because of its virulence, MRSA presents new and substantial challenges for the surgeon; we describe two cases of NSP caused by MRSA and the subsequent surgical intervention necessitated for cure.

Histopathological and postoperative behavioral comparison of rodent oral tongue resection: fiber-enabled CO2 laser versus electrocautery.

Objective: To compare operative time and hemostasis of fiber-enabled CO(2) laser (FECL) energy to that of the electrocautery (EC) technique for oral tongue resection, to compare return to oral intake and preoperative weight after FECL and EC resection, and to compare histologic changes in adjacent tissue after FECL and EC resection.

Study Design: Prospective animal study.

Setting: Research laboratory.

A fatal presentation of dermatomyositis with facial swelling.

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common inflammatory autoimmune myopathy in children. Most common presentations consist of heliotrophic rash and/or gottron's papules in addition to proximal muscle weakness. A typical presentations have been reported.

Dilated esophagus and tracheal compression secondary to a slipped Nissen fundoplication: a case report.

We describe the case of a 20-month-old girl with a gastrostomy tube who presented with stridor, daily emesis, stertor, and mild neck retractions. Endoscopic and radiologic investigations revealed a dilated esophagus, an associated tracheal compression, and a paraesophageal hernia secondary to a slipped Nissen fundoplication. The patient underwent a revision fundoplication, and her stridor, stertor, and neck retractions subsided significantly.

Olaryngologic manifestations in children with chronic neutropenia.

Objective: Chronic neutropenia of childhood (CNC) is a rare disorder in which the absolute neutrophil count is below 1500/μL over an extended period of time. The objective of this study is to describe the otolaryngolgic manifestations associated with CNC to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Methods And Materials: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with the diagnosis of CNC between 1970 and 2005 at a tertiary pediatric hematology center.