[Influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalitis: unknown makes undertreated?].

Background: Influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE) is a very rare, but severe complication from influenza infection.

Case Description: We present a 48 year old male who presented with fever, malaise, confusion and altered mental status (E4M5V2) and influenza A infection. He quickly develops convulsions after which he is intubated and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit following which he remains comatose (E1M1V1).

Corrigendum: Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Isolates from Urine Samples of Hospitalized Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

Characterization of fosfomycin heteroresistance among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli have become a major medical concern. Old antibiotics such as fosfomycin have become an alternative therapeutic option due to their effectiveness and, as a result, fosfomycin is now used as a first-line drug for the treatment of UTIs in many countries. Despite low resistance rates, fosfomycin heteroresistance, defined as a phenomenon where subpopulations of bacteria are resistant to high antibiotic concentrations whereas most of the bacteria are susceptible, is an underestimated problem.

Determining the Virulence Properties of ST131 Containing Bacteriocin-Encoding Plasmids Using Short- and Long-Read Sequencing and Comparing Them with Those of Other Lineages.

ST131 is a clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistant profile and successful global spread. They are often associated with complicated infections, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacteriocins play an important role to outcompete other microorganisms present in the human gut.

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Isolates from Urine Samples of Hospitalized Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often caused by . Their increasing resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics challenges the treatment of UTIs. Whereas, ST131 is often multidrug resistant (MDR), ST69 remains susceptible to antibiotics such as cephalosporins.

Positive impact of infection prevention on the management of nosocomial outbreaks at an academic hospital.

Aim: Infection prevention (IP) measures are vital to prevent (nosocomial) outbreaks. Financial evaluations of these are scarce. An incremental cost analysis for an academic IP unit was performed.

Cross-border comparison of antibiotic prescriptions among children and adolescents between the north of the Netherlands and the north-west of Germany.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem and inappropriate prescriptions are a cause. Especially among children, prescriptions tend to be high. It is unclear how they differ in bordering regions.

Cost-Analysis of Seven Nosocomial Outbreaks in an Academic Hospital.

Objectives: Nosocomial outbreaks, especially with (multi-)resistant microorganisms, are a major problem for health care institutions. They can cause morbidity and mortality for patients and controlling these costs substantial amounts of funds and resources. However, how much is unclear.

Impact of non-anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation on healthcare consumption, use of ionizing radiation and infectious events.

Background: Non-anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have a negative influence on graft survival. Expert opinion suggests a negative effect of NAS on other important aspects of post-transplant care, although its impact is largely unknown as data are scarce.

Methods: This retrospective single center study analyzed data on healthcare consumption, use of ionizing radiation, infectious complications and development of highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO) in adult patients with NAS.

An integrated stewardship model: antimicrobial, infection prevention and diagnostic (AID).

Considering the threat of antimicrobial resistance and the difficulties it entails in treating infections, it is necessary to cross borders and approach infection management in an integrated, multidisciplinary manner. We propose the antimicrobial, infection prevention and diagnostic stewardship model comprising three intertwined programs: antimicrobial, infection prevention and diagnostic stewardship, involving all stakeholders. The focus is a so-called 'theragnostics' approach.

Automatic day-2 intervention by a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship-team leads to multiple positive effects.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance rates are increasing. This is, among others, caused by incorrect or inappropriate use of antimicrobials. To target this, a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship-team (A-Team) was implemented at the University Medical Center Groningen on a urology ward.

Cost-minimization model of a multidisciplinary antibiotic stewardship team based on a successful implementation on a urology ward of an academic hospital.

Background: In order to stimulate appropriate antimicrobial use and thereby lower the chances of resistance development, an Antibiotic Stewardship Team (A-Team) has been implemented at the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Focus of the A-Team was a pro-active day 2 case-audit, which was financially evaluated here to calculate the return on investment from a hospital perspective.

Methods: Effects were evaluated by comparing audited patients with a historic cohort with the same diagnosis-related groups.

Financial evaluations of antibiotic stewardship programs-a systematic review.

Introduction: There is an increasing awareness to counteract problems due to incorrect antimicrobial use. Interventions that are implemented are often part of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASPs). Studies publishing results from these interventions are increasing, including reports on the economical effects of ASPs.

Paediatric nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphadenopathy of the neck: a Haemophilus influenzae-driven immune disorder?

Many hyperplasias and lymphomas of marginal zone B-cells are associated with infection. We identified six children and one adolescent with cervical lymphadenopathy showing prominent polyclonal nodal marginal zone hyperplasia (pNMZH) and four adolescents with monoclonal paediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma (pNMZL). The clonality status was assessed using BIOMED-2-IG PCR analysis.

Evaluation of early implementations of antibiotic stewardship program initiatives in nine Dutch hospitals.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to patient safety and care. In response, hospitals start antibiotic stewardship programs to optimise antibiotic use. Expert-based guidelines recommend strategies to implement such programs, but local implementations may differ per hospital.

[Bedside consultation by a multidisciplinary antibiotics team: an Antibiotic Stewardship Programme at UMCG].

In 2012, the Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB) published a vision document to counteract the rise in antibiotic use and resistance. An Antibiotic Stewardship Programme (ASP) will be implemented by a multidisciplinary antibiotics team (A-team). In 2012 University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG) in the Netherlands started an Antibiotic Stewardship Programme (ASP) pilot project at the trauma surgery ward.

Double-stranded RNA mycovirus infection of Aspergillus fumigatus is not dependent on the genetic make-up of the host.

Aspergillus fumigatus is a fungus that causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, with high morbidity and mortality. In its turn, A. fumigatus can become infected with mycoviruses.

Cost-effectiveness of a screening strategy for Q fever among pregnant women in risk areas: a clustered randomized controlled trial.

Background: In The Netherlands the largest human Q fever outbreak ever reported in the literature is currently ongoing with more than 2300 notified cases in 2009. Pregnant women are particularly at risk as Q fever during pregnancy may cause maternal and obstetric complications. Since the majority of infected pregnant women are asymptomatic, a screening strategy might be of great value to reduce Q fever related complications.

Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in a kidney transplant patient without initial pulmonary involvement.

Rhodococcus equi is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in solid organ transplant recipients. Primary pulmonary involvement is the most common finding. We report a case of a 42-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who developed multiple disseminated abscesses caused by R.

Comparative evaluation of the VITEK 2, disk diffusion, etest, broth microdilution, and agar dilution susceptibility testing methods for colistin in clinical isolates, including heteroresistant Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains.

Increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria has recently renewed interest in colistin as a therapeutic option. The increasing use of colistin necessitates the availability of rapid and reliable methods for colistin susceptibility testing. We compared seven methods of colistin susceptibility testing (disk diffusion, agar dilution on Mueller-Hinton [MH] and Isosensitest agar, Etest on MH and Isosensitest agar, broth microdilution, and VITEK 2) on 102 clinical isolates collected from patient materials during a selective digestive decontamination or selective oral decontamination trial in an intensive-care unit.