Risks of Intradiscal Orthobiologic Injections: A Review of the Literature and Case Series Presentation.

Background: Intervertebral disc disease (IDD) is responsible for a large portion of back pain with historically suboptimal treatments for long-term improvement. IDD pathogenesis is thought to arise at a cellular and biochemical level, making biologically based injections an area of clinical interest. Although human studies have shown promise, emerging data suggest there may be risks inherent to such injections that were previously unrecognized.

Atraumatic Medullary Osteonecrosis of the Tibia and Femur Treated With Intraosseous Orthobiologics.

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a painful condition involving bony cell death with resultant architectural collapse. This report discusses the case of a 50-year-old Caucasian female who presented to an outpatient musculoskeletal clinic with severe chronic left knee pain. She had a history of ulcerative colitis and resultant chronic corticosteroid exposure with subsequent development of knee ON.

Use of Bone Marrow Concentrate to Treat Pain and Musculoskeletal Disorders: An Academic Delphi Investigation.

Background: Acute and degenerative musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common etiologies of disability worldwide. Recently, there has been interest in the field of regenerative medicine to bridge the gap between conservative and surgical management of these conditions. Autologous bone marrow concentrate is one type of injectate that has increased in popularity over the last few decades.

Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of coccydynia: a case report and review of regenerative medicine for coccydynia.

To describe the successful treatment of coccydynia using ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma.  Outpatient orthopedic practice. 17-year-old female with BMI of 42.

Primary Cleft Lip and Palate Repair in Assam, India: Does Preoperative Anthropometric Analysis Help Identify Patients With Increased Surgical Risk in a Clinically Prescreened Population?

Objective: To compare anthropometric z-scores with incidence of post-operative complications for patients undergoing primary cleft lip or palate repair.

Design: This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients from a surgical center in Assam, India, and includes a cohort from a single surgical mission completed before the opening of the center.

Setting: Patients included in the study underwent surgery during an Operation Smile mission before the opening of Operation Smile's Guwahati Comprehensive Cleft Care Center in Guwahati, India.

Surgical margin reporting in breast conserving surgery: Does compliance with guidelines affect re-excision and mastectomy rates?

Purpose: Margin status is important in guiding decisions to re-excise following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) developed guidelines to standardize pathology reporting; however, compliance with margin documentation guidelines has been shown to vary. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether compliance with CAP guidelines affects re-excision and mastectomy rates.

Position and orientational preferences of drug-like compounds in lipid membranes: a computational and NMR approach.

Permeation of drugs across lipid bilayers is a key factor in dictating how effective they will be. In vivo, the issue is compounded by the presence of drug-exporter proteins such as P-glycoprotein. However, despite intense effort, exactly what controls permeation and susceptibility to export is still poorly understood.

Towards understanding promiscuity in multidrug efflux pumps.

Drug export from cells is a major factor in the acquisition of cellular resistance to antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapy, and poses a significant threat to future clinical management of disease. Many of the proteins that catalyse drug efflux do so with remarkably low substrate specificity, a phenomenon known as multidrug transport. For these reasons we need a greater understanding of drug recognition and transport in multidrug pumps to inform research that attempts to circumvent their action.

Mass spectrometry reveals synergistic effects of nucleotides, lipids, and drugs binding to a multidrug resistance efflux pump.

Multidrug resistance is a serious barrier to successful treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, wherein chemotherapeutics are exported from target cells by membrane-embedded pumps. The most prevalent of these pumps, the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), consists of two homologous halves each comprising one nucleotide-binding domain and six transmembrane helices. The transmembrane region encapsulates a hydrophobic cavity, accessed by portals in the membrane, that binds cytotoxic compounds as well as lipids and peptides.

Substrate versus inhibitor dynamics of P-glycoprotein.

By far the most studied multidrug resistance protein is P-glycoprotein. Despite recent structural data, key questions about its function remain. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is flexible and undergoes large conformational changes as part of its function and in this respect, details not only of the export cycle, but also the recognition stage are currently lacking.

Dynamic combinatorial mass spectrometry leads to inhibitors of a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid demethylase.

2-Oxoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid demethylases are of biological interest because of their roles in nucleic acid repair and modification. Although some of these enzymes are linked to physiology, their regulatory roles are unclear. Hence, there is a desire to develop selective inhibitors for them; we report studies on AlkB, which reveal it as being amenable to selective inhibition by small molecules.

Quantitative measurement of changes in amyloid-beta(40) in the rat brain and cerebrospinal fluid following treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor LY-411575 [N2-[(2S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoyl]-N1-[(7S)-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7-yl]-L-alaninamide].

The efficacy of gamma-secretase inhibitors in vivo has, to date, been generally assessed in transgenic mouse models expressing increased levels of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide thereby allowing the detection of changes in Abeta production. However, it is not clear whether the in vivo potency of gamma-secretase inhibitors is independent of the level of amyloid precursor protein expression. In other words, does a gamma-secretase inhibitor have the same effect in nontransgenic physiological animals versus transgenic overexpressing animals? In the present study, an immunoassay has been developed which can detect Abeta(40) in the rat brain, where concentrations are much lower than those seen in transgenic mice such as Tg2576 (c.

Encoding and high-speed memory scanning of retarded and nonretarded adolescents.

A choice reaction-time experiment was performed in order to assess the encoding and memory-scanning processes of nonretarded and retarded adolescents. Random forms were used as stimuli, with stimulus-set sizes of 2, 3, and 4. The encoding process was evaluated by means of a stimulus-quality manipulation.

[Treatment of vaginal moniliasis during pregnancy with a new biologic antifungal agent: pimaricin].

Pregnancy creates conditions which favour the development and persistence of candidiasis (moniliasis). The resultant vaginitis is often refractory to treatment. A new fungicidal antibiotic, pimaricine (Pimafucine), was studied in 91 women with vaginal moniliasis, all of whom were pregnant.