Publications by authors named "Jerome Le Goff"
Objective: Patients with chronic kidney disease suffer from immune dysfunction, increasing susceptibility to infections. The aim of the study was to investigate air contamination with respiratory viruses in a dialysis unit at a quaternary hospital using molecular detection techniques and to analyze airflow dynamics through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a comprehensive assessment of air transmission risks.
Methods: We conducted dialysis unit air sampling using AerosolSense™ samplers.
Article Synopsis
- * This study investigated CsA's antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2 variants (Omicron BA.1 and Delta) and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3), finding it significantly reduced viral load against the Delta variant but had no notable effect on the other viruses.
- * CsA's mechanism appears complex, influencing inflammatory pathways and specific viral interactions, and highlights the need for further research to understand its effects on viral infections in immunosuppressed patients, pointing out
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) induces multi-organ pathogenesis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Effective management involves systematic monitoring for CMV reactivation by quantitative real-time PCR, allowing timely preemptive intervention. However, the optimal blood compartment for CMV surveillance remains undetermined.
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- Metagenomics helps diagnose infections, but there hasn't been much comparison of methods for finding viruses across different labs.
- A study was done by the European Society for Clinical Virology to test twelve different lab methods using a special reference panel that simulates low amounts of viruses.
- The results showed that most methods could find common viruses, but some struggled with very low amounts, suggesting labs need to follow the same standards for better results.
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- * Human Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is frequently associated with COPD exacerbations, but its specific effects on the respiratory cells of COPD patients hadn’t been studied before this research.
- * The study found that COPD-affected respiratory cells showed heightened inflammation and a less effective antiviral response compared to healthy cells, possibly making it harder for the immune system to fight off viral infections and leading to ongoing inflammation.
Article Synopsis
- Long COVID diagnosis often depends on reported symptoms rather than biological evidence, which can lead to missed underlying conditions.
- A case study of a 26-year-old woman post-mild COVID-19 revealed persistent symptoms and discovered Bartonella henselae through clinical metagenomics.
- The study highlights the importance of using clinical metagenomics to diagnose hidden infections and suggests that bartonellosis should be considered in patients with unexplained lymph node swelling, even without known exposure to cats or fleas.
Purpose: Herpesvirus reactivation has been documented among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been poorly studied despite >95% of the population being seropositive. Our preliminary study suggested an association between EBV reactivation and increased morbidity and mortality.
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- - Clinical metagenomics (CM) is an advanced diagnostic tool that detects all microorganisms in a sample without bias, utilizing techniques like extraction, Next Generation Sequencing, and bioinformatics for analysis.
- - CM has shown promise in diagnosing various infections, including those in the central nervous system, respiratory system, and digestive tract, while also assessing the microbiome and host response.
- - Despite higher costs compared to traditional methods, advancements in sequencing technology and commercial tests may increase CM's accessibility in laboratories and support its role in antimicrobial resistance detection and epidemiology.
Article Synopsis
- Predicting COVID-19 severity is challenging, but Torque teno virus (TTV) may help assess infection outcomes as a marker of immunity, especially in transplant patients.
- A study at Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris analyzed TTV levels in nasopharyngeal samples from 295 COVID-19 patients and found higher TTV levels in those admitted to the ICU compared to those discharged or in medical wards.
- Elevated TTV loads, specifically above a threshold of 2.91 log copies/mL, were identified as significant predictors of ICU admission, indicating a potential link between TTV levels and respiratory immune response in infected patients.
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a molecular biology tool consisting in the sequencing of the entire genome of a given organism. Due to its ability to provide the finest available resolution of bacterial and virological genetics, it is used at several levels in the field of infectiology. On an individual scale and through application of a single technique, it enables the typological identification and characterization of strains, the characterization of plasmids, and enhanced search for resistance genes and virulence factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic infections account for a substantial portion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions. The value of intensified screening strategies, especially in emergency departments (EDs), in reaching asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients and helping to improve detection and reduce transmission has not been documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate in EDs whether an intensified SARS-CoV-2 screening strategy combining nurse-driven screening for asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic patients with routine practice (intervention) could contribute to higher detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to routine practice alone, including screening for symptomatic or hospitalized patients (control).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 antibody kinetics have been described in large populations of vaccinated individuals, we still poorly understand how they evolve during a natural infection and how this impacts viral clearance. For that purpose, we analyzed the kinetics of both viral load and neutralizing antibody levels in a prospective cohort of individuals during acute infection with alpha variant. Using a mathematical model, we show that the progressive increase in neutralizing antibodies leads to a shortening of the half-life of both infected cells and infectious viral particles.
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- The ITOC trial analyzed the risk of COVID-19 transmission during an indoor nightclub event attended by fully vaccinated individuals to understand the impact of gatherings amid the Delta variant.
- Healthy volunteers aged 18-49 were divided into attendees and non-attendees, with participants providing saliva samples to check for SARS-CoV-2 infection 7 days after the event.
- The results showed no significant SARS-CoV-2 transmission among vaccinated attendees but revealed an increased risk (1.59 times) for other respiratory viruses.
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) to understand the significance of detecting respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs.
- It involved analyzing data from 510 patients, with 20.2% testing positive for respiratory viruses, predominantly flu-like viruses, and noted a significant relationship between virus detection and the identified causes of ARF.
- However, no difference was observed in 28-day mortality or the need for invasive mechanical ventilation based on positive viral assay results, although flu-like virus detection correlated with worse outcomes in patients who had received stem cell transplants.
Article Synopsis
- Early azithromycin use after stem cell transplants can lead to higher relapse rates of blood cancers.
- A study of 55 patients revealed four gut enterotypes, showing that specific gut bacteria and viruses relate to cancer remission or relapse.
- The findings suggest that azithromycin affects gut ecosystems, influencing immune cell functions that may contribute to cancer relapse.
Article Synopsis
- Human adenoviruses, particularly type F41, have been linked to cases of acute hepatitis in children since January 2022, with increased reports of infections following hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) in adults.
- A study in two French hospitals found that four adult HSCT recipients diagnosed with HAdV-F41 also exhibited symptoms of diarrhea and liver cytolysis, with three patients showing HAdV viremia but no severe disease dissemination.
- The research included genomic sequencing of the virus from patients, revealing similar strains and co-infections with other viruses in some cases, marking the first documented instance of liver cytolysis during HAdV-F41 infection in this patient group.
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- Human-animal pathogenic transmissions present risks to both human and animal health, and the processes of zoonotic spillover and spillback are complicated and involve various ecological and social factors.
- A study conducted in Cameroon and a European zoo reveals that there is a greater sharing of enteric viromes between Cameroonian humans and great apes compared to the zoo, particularly in the case of gorillas.
- The research highlights key factors such as hunting, meat handling, fecal exposure, and the overlapping use of land for agriculture and gorilla foraging, which contribute to viral sharing between humans and great apes.
Article Synopsis
- Peripheral allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are highly susceptible to severe respiratory infections from viruses like RSV and influenza, which can lead to serious conditions such as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).
- This study presents a case where a patient developed BO following a SARS-CoV-2 infection ten months after their stem cell transplant, with a resurgence of graft-versus-host disease symptoms.
- The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring lung function in these patients post-COVID-19 infection and suggest that further research is needed to understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and BO.
Article Synopsis
- - The WHO reported a significant monkeypox outbreak starting in May 2022, with nearly 68,900 cases globally by October, raising questions about how the virus spreads, particularly through air.
- - Researchers collected air samples in an infectious disease clinic where suspected monkeypox patients were examined, using a device to check for MPXV DNA in the air.
- - The study found MPXV DNA in six out of seven air samples collected, indicating the virus can be airborne in clinical settings, emphasizing the need for protective measures for patients and healthcare workers.
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that mainly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. The diagnosis relies on lymph node biopsy demonstrating KSHV-infected cells located in the mantle zone with a marked interfollicular plasma cell infiltration. Infected cells are large cells positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM), λ light chain, and CD38, described initially as infected plasmablasts.
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- The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has over 50 mutations that may increase transmission and evade immune responses from vaccines or prior infections.
- A study compared viral loads in saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron waves, finding lower Ct values in NPS, but higher viral loads in saliva for Omicron.
- The results suggest that current diagnostic methods may need updates to better detect new variants like Omicron, highlighting the need for refined screening strategies.*
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- Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are complex conditions that often lead to late diagnoses, with a rise in related inflammatory issues alongside infections.
- A case study of an adult showed that chronic Human Adenovirus C-1 arthritis was diagnosed in a patient with primary agammaglobulinemia, highlighting the challenges in managing these patients.
- The use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing provided an accurate diagnosis, and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins led to complete recovery, emphasizing the need for advanced diagnostic techniques in treating immune-compromised individuals.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indirectly resulted in missed therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Here we focus on community-acquired respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) [respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza A], and highlight the pandemics impact on clinical trials to develop novel therapies for other severe respiratory viral infections. We retrospectively reviewed inclusion rates within respiratory antiviral clinical trials in comparison with all other clinical trials in our clinical investigations center, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- - A 45-year-old woman being treated with rituximab for B cell non-Hodgkin follicular lymphoma developed recurrent fever, stomach pain, and frequent urination.
- - Doctors conducted metagenomic sequencing on a sample near her kidney and discovered she had two infections: Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
- - After receiving the right antibiotics, the patient improved but experienced some lasting effects from the infections.