Treating cryptosporidiosis: A review on drug discovery strategies.

Despite several decades of research on therapeutics, cryptosporidiosis remains a major concern for human and animal health. Even though this field of research to assess antiparasitic drug activity is highly active and competitive, only one molecule is authorized to be used in humans. However, this molecule was not efficacious in immunocompromised people and the lack of animal therapeutics remains a cause of concern.

Study of the economic impact of cryptosporidiosis in calves after implementing good practices to manage the disease on dairy farms in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands.

spp. are widespread parasitic protozoans causing enteric infections in humans and animals. The parasites cause neonatal diarrhoea in calves, leading to a high mortality rate in the first three weeks.

Cross-Border Investigations on the Prevalence and Transmission Dynamics of Species in Dairy Cattle Farms in Western Mainland Europe.

is an apicomplexan parasitic protist, which infects a wide range of hosts, causing cryptosporidiosis disease. In farms, the incidence of this disease is high in animals such as cows, leading to extensive economic loss in the livestock industry. Infected cows may also act as a major reservoir of spp.

An Interphase Microfluidic Culture System for the Study of Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue.

Ex vivo explant culture models offer unique properties to study complex mechanisms underlying tissue growth, renewal, and disease. A major weakness is the short viability depending on the biopsy origin and preparation protocol. We describe an interphase microfluidic culture system to cultivate full thickness murine colon explants which keeps morphological structures of the tissue up to 192 h.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from diarrheal dairy calves in France.

Cryptosporidium is an obligate intracellular protist parasite infecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts and causes significant intestinal disease in both animals and humans, as some species are zoonotic. Cattle and especially calves have been identified as one of the most common reservoirs of this protist. However, little is known about the genetics of Cryptosporidium in calves in some regions of France.

First identification of Cryptosporidium parvum zoonotic subtype IIaA15G2R1 in diarrheal lambs in France.

To date, no information is available about the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in French sheep, nor their potential role as zoonotic reservoirs. A total of 23 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic lambs (<11 days old) from seven randomly selected farms.

Prevalence, Molecular Identification, and Risk Factors for Infection in Edible Marine Fish: A Survey Across Sea Areas Surrounding France.

, a zoonotic pathogen, is able to infect a wide range of hosts including wild and domestic animals, and humans. Although it is well known that some parasites are both fish pathogens and recognized agents of zoonosis with a public health impact, little information is available concerning the prevalence of in wild aquatic environments. To evaluate the prevalence of spp.

Molecular characterization of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis pathogens in Algerian sheep.

Little is known about the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Algerian sheep, nor their potential role as zoonotic reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of these two protists in lambs.

Selective electrohydrodynamic concentration of waterborne parasites on a chip.

Concentrating diluted samples is a key step to improve detection capabilities. The wise use of scaling laws shows the advantages of working with sub-microliter-sized samples. Rapid progress in MEMS technologies has driven the design of integrated platforms performing many biochemical operations.

Three-dimensional (3D) culture of adult murine colon as an in vitro model of cryptosporidiosis: Proof of concept.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal illness and was recently potentially associated with digestive carcinogenesis. Despite its impact on human health, Cryptosporidium pathogenesis remains poorly known, mainly due to the lack of a long-term culture method for this parasite. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) culture model from adult murine colon allowing biological investigations of the host-parasite interactions in an in vivo-like environment and, in particular, the development of parasite-induced neoplasia.

Identification of Cryptosporidium Species in Fish from Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) in France.

Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite that can cause severe diarrhea in a wide range of vertebrates including humans, is increasingly recognized as a parasite of a diverse range of wildlife species. However, little data are available regarding the identification of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in wild aquatic environments, and more particularly in edible freshwater fish. To evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidiumspp.

Electrical impedance sensor for quantitative monitoring of infection processes on HCT-8 cells by the waterborne parasite Cryptosporidium.

Cryptosporidium is the main origin of worldwide waterborne epidemic outbreaks caused by protozoan parasites. Its resilience to water chemical treatments and the absence of therapy led to consider it as a reference pathogen to assess water quality and as a possible bioterrorism agent. We here show that an electrical impedance-based device is able to get insights on Cryptosporidium development on a cell culture and to quantify sample infectivity.

Cryptosporidium infection in a veal calf cohort in France: molecular characterization of species in a longitudinal study.

Feces from 142 animals were collected on 15 farms in the region of Brittany, France. Each sample was directly collected from the rectum of the animal and identified with the ear tag number. Animals were sampled three times, at 5, 15 and 22 weeks of age.

PrP expression and replication by Schwann cells: implications in prion spreading.

Prion infection relies on a continuous chain of PrP(c)-expressing tissues to spread from peripheral sites to the central nervous system (CNS). Direct neuroinvasion via peripheral nerves has long been considered likely. However, the speed of axonal flow is incompatible with the lengthy delay prior to the detection of PrP(Sc) in the brain.