Tough and Osteocompatible Calcium Phosphate Cements Reinforced with Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers.

Injectable, self-setting calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are favorable bone substitutes due to their osteocompatibility. However, due to their brittleness and low toughness, their clinical application is limited to non-load-bearing sites. The incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers into cementitious materials is a successful strategy in civil engineering for improving the mechanical performance of cements.