Transition from sitting to standing after trans-femoral amputation.

Standing up is an important and common daily activity. It is essential for independence and a prerequisite for walking. Many elderly and many subjects with impairments have problems with transition from sitting to standing.

Synthesis of standing-up trajectories using dynamic optimization.

Dynamic optimization as a tool to compute standing-up trajectories was investigated. Sit-to-stand manoeuvres in five intact persons and five trans-femoral amputees were measured. Movements and ground reaction forces acting on the body were recorded.