Concomitant Use of Botulinum Toxin and Super Long Nd:YAG Laser.

Background: Botulinum toxin is a widely utilized minimally invasive therapeutic option with minimal downtime and a low risk of serious complications. The long pulse Nd:YAG laser treatment (PIANO) has been utilized in recent years for skin rejuvenation and tightening, body shaping, and transdermal lipolysis through bulk heating of the tissue. The heat-labile bond between the heavy and light chains of botulinum toxin could be affected by laser bulk heating.

Expression of desmosomal proteins in acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Acantholytic (adenoid) squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in which neoplastic tumour cells form gland-like structures. Little is known about the pathogenetic mechanisms of ASCC. We hypothesised that they may be related to the compositon of desmosomes.