EEG phase synchronization during absence seizures.

Absence seizures-generalized rhythmic spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) are the defining property of childhood (CAE) and juvenile (JAE) absence epilepsies. Such seizures are the most compelling examples of pathological neuronal hypersynchrony. All the absence detection algorithms proposed so far have been derived from the properties of SWDs.

Insomnia Partially Mediates the Relationship of Occupational Stress with Mental Health Among Shift Working Nurses and Midwives in Polish Hospitals.

Purpose: Insufficient sleep increases sensitivity to chronic stress and may be a precursor to the deterioration of mental health and the development of burnout. The aim of our study was to verify whether symptoms of insomnia mediate the relationship of occupational stress with mental health among nurses who work shifts.

Materials And Methods: The analyses included 117 female nurses and midwives who work shifts.

Sleep disturbances in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients with Wilson's disease.

Introduction: Most neurodegenerative and chronic liver disorders are associated with sleep disturbances (SD). SD may be expected to occur in patients with Wilson's disease (WD), an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that mostly affects the liver and brain; however, there is a lack of observations, particularly in treatment-naïve WD patients.

Methods: We evaluated SD in 19 newly diagnosed treatment-naïve WD patients.

Absence Seizure Detection Algorithm for Portable EEG Devices.

Absence seizures are generalized nonmotor epileptic seizures with abrupt onset and termination. Transient impairment of consciousness and spike-slow wave discharges (SWDs) in EEG are their characteristic manifestations. This type of seizure is severe in two common pediatric syndromes: childhood (CAE) and juvenile (JAE) absence epilepsy.

Changes in Interictal Pretreatment and Posttreatment EEG in Childhood Absence Epilepsy.

Spike and wave discharges (SWDs) are a characteristic manifestation of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). It has long been believed that they unpredictably emerge from otherwise almost normal interictal EEG. Herein, we demonstrate that pretreatment closed-eyes theta and beta EEG wavelet powers of CAE patients (20 girls and 10 boys, mean age 7.

Automatic Human Sleep Stage Scoring Using Deep Neural Networks.

The classification of sleep stages is the first and an important step in the quantitative analysis of polysomnographic recordings. Sleep stage scoring relies heavily on visual pattern recognition by a human expert and is time consuming and subjective. Thus, there is a need for automatic classification.

Automatic artefact detection in single-channel sleep EEG recordings.

Quantitative electroencephalogram analysis (e.g. spectral analysis) has become an important tool in sleep research and sleep medicine.

Sertindole: EEG Analysis, Tolerability, and Clinical Efficacy.

Introduction: One of the common side effects of antipsychotic drugs is excessive sedation. The treatment with antipsychotics often manifests as an increase in slow wave activity in electroencephalography (EEG). The aim of this study was to analyze EEG recordings of patients treated with a non-sedative antipsychotic drug sertindole with regard to its adverse effects and clinical efficacy.

Treatment guidelines for Circadian Rhythm Sleep - Wake Disorders of the Polish Sleep Research Society and the Section of Biological Psychiatry of the Polish Psychiatric Association. Part II. Diagnosis and treatment.

Aim: Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD) are a group of disorders, in which the timing of sleep and wakefulness significantly differs from a patient's expectations or socially acceptable times. The aimof the article is to present the current principles for the diagnosis and treatment of CRSWD in adults and children.

Method: Guidelines proposed as CRSWD treatment standard are based on the recommendations from the scientific societies involved in the sleep research and medicine.

Treatment guidelines for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders of the Polish Sleep Research Society and the Section of Biological Psychiatry of the Polish Psychiatric Association. Part I. Physiology, assessment and therapeutic methods.

Majority of the physiological processes in the human organism are rhythmic. The most common are the diurnal changes that repeat roughly every 24 hours, called circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms disorders have negative influence on human functioning.

Graph-based analysis of brain connectivity in schizophrenia.

The present study evaluated brain connectivity using electroencephalography (EEG) data from 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls. Phase-Locking Value (PLV), Phase-Lag Index (PLI) and Directed Transfer Function (DTF) were calculated for the original EEG data and following current source density (CSD) transformation, re-referencing using the average reference electrode (AVERAGE) and reference electrode standardization techniques (REST). The statistical analysis of adjacency matrices was carried out using indices based on graph theory.

Effects of Antidepressants on Sleep.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review article was to summarize recent publications on effects of antidepressants on sleep and to show that these effects not only depend on the kind of antidepressant drugs but are also related to the dose, the time of drug administration, and the duration of the treatment.

Recent Findings: Complaints of disrupted sleep are very common in patients suffering from depression, and they are listed among diagnostic criteria for this disorder. Moreover, midnocturnal insomnia is the most frequent residual symptom of depression.

Alpha Wavelet Power as a Biomarker of Antidepressant Treatment Response in Bipolar Depression.

There is mounting evidence of a link between the properties of electroencephalograms (EEGs) of depressive patients and the outcome of pharmacotherapy. The goal of this study was to develop an EEG biomarker of antidepressant treatment response which would require only a single EEG measurement. We recorded resting 21-channel EEG in 17 in-patients suffering from bipolar depression in eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions.

Frequent difficulties in the treatment of restless legs syndrome - case report and literature review.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common sleep disorders. The purpose of this paper is a case description of the patient suffering from RLS, concurrent with numerous clinical problems. In our patient, during long-term therapy with a dopamine agonist (ropinirole), the phenomenon of the augmentation, defined as an increase in the severity of the RLS symptoms, was observed.

Daytime sleepiness and EEG abnormalities in patients treated with second generation antipsychotic agents.

Background: The aim of this study was to verify whether or not an increased prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or EEG abnormalities is observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), and to compare the effects of second generation antipsychotics (SGA) on patients' daytime sleepiness level and EEG recordings.

Methods: EEG recordings and self-reports of EDS, assessed with Epworth (ESS) and Stanford (SSS) Sleepiness Scales, were compared between 244 patients with SSD and 82 patients with anxiety, personality or behavioral disorders (non-psychotic disorders, NPD). To examine the effects of various SGA, patients treated in monotherapy with aripiprazole, olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone and sertindole were compared.

Electroencephalographic theta activity and cognition in schizophrenia: preliminary results.

Objectives: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) is a contemporary standard for assessment of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to examine the association between electroencephalographic spectral power and a wide range of cognitive functions measured with MCCB.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia (27 male, mean age 28.

Sleep as a biomarker for depression.

Sleep is a complex biological process that involves cyclic changes of brain activity. The smooth transition between wakefulness and sleep and cyclic succession of sleep stages depend on the function of numerous neurotransmitters that reciprocally influence each other. For this reason sleep is a very sensitive biomarker of brain functioning.

Negative influence of L-dopa on subjectively assessed sleep but not on nocturnal polysomnography in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic medication with L-dopa may be one of the factors that contributes to poor sleep quality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of long term use of L-dopa on objective and subjective measures of sleep quality in PD patients.

[Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders - affective and anxiety disorders].

Sleep disorders are common in children and adolescents, their incidence is estimated to be within 25-40%. Among children with psychiatric disorders, sleep problems often arise. Sleep disorders are a symptom of many mental illnesses, they have a major impact on the severity of other symptoms of the disease and the treatment is often difficult.

The differences in sleep profile changes under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy between non-obese, obese and severely obese sleep apnea patients.

Sleep disturbances in obstructive sleep apnea are caused mainly by repetitive apneas and hypopneas. An alternative factor contributing to disordered sleep may be the obesity, which is frequently associated with sleep apnea. The sleep disturbing effect of obesity was found previously in obese nonapneic subjects.

Sleep and antidepressant treatment.

The aim of this review was to describe the sleep anomalies in depression, the effects of antidepressants on sleep, the usefulness of antidepressants in the treatment of primary insomnia and insomnia in other psychiatric disorders. Depression is associated with abnormalities in the sleep pattern that include disturbances of sleep continuity, diminished slow-wave sleep (SWS) and altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep parameters. Although none of the reported changes in sleep are specific to depression, many of them, for example increased REM density and reduced amount of SWS in the first sleep cycle, are used as biological markers for research on depression and in the development of antidepressant drugs.

Patients with insomnia and subthreshold depression show marked worsening of insomnia after discontinuation of sleep promoting medication.

Objective: To investigate whether the outcome of treatment with trazodone CR in primary insomnia differs between patients with and without subthreshold depression.

Methods: 14 patients (9 females, mean age 57.3 ± 13.

Actigraphic monitoring of activity and rest in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine or risperidone.

Metabolic disturbances are a growing concern for the treatment of schizophrenia. As decreased activity and poor sleep quality are risk factors for metabolic disturbances, we investigated the activity and sleep patterns of schizophrenic patients using actigraphy. Seventy-three patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean age 29.

Dynamics of electroencephalogram entropy and pitfalls of scaling detection.

In recent studies a number of research groups have determined that human electroencephalograms (EEG) have scaling properties. In particular, a crossover between two regions with different scaling exponents has been reported. Herein we study the time evolution of diffusion entropy to elucidate the scaling of EEG time series.

REM sleep behaviour disorder in narcolepsy.

Background And Purpose: Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) in consecutive patients with narcolepsy referred to our sleep disorders centre.

Material And Methods: Among patients examined because of hypersomnia, a diagnosis of narcolepsy was established in 30 patients (mean age 34.