Genome editing in cereal crops: an overview.

Genome-editing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for crop improvement with superior precision and speed. This review presents an analysis of the current state of genome editing in the major cereal crops- rice, maize, wheat and barley. Genome editing has been used to achieve important agronomic and quality traits in cereals.

Reemerging Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma with Varying Symptoms Expressions and Its Transmission by a New Leafhopper Vector- Distant.

Rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) belongs to the " Phytoplasma asteris" 16SrI-B subgroup, which is solely transmitted by the zigzag-striped leafhopper ( Motchulsky) and the green leafhopper ( Uhler) (). Recently, rice plants showing orange leaf discoloration have become ubiquitous in several paddies of two provinces in the Philippines. In total of 98 symptomatic rice plants, 82% (Laguna) and 95% (Mindanao) were ROLP-positive by nested PCR detection.