Transplacental supply of mannose and inositol in uncomplicated pregnancies using stable isotopes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine relative contributions of transplacental flux vs. fetal production for inositol and mannose in normal term pregnancies.

Study Design: Seven term uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing cesarean section were infused with (13)C- and (2)H-labeled isotopes of glucose, inositol, and mannose until a steady state was achieved.

Early intervention: distraction osteogenesis of the mandible for severe airway obstruction.

Objective: To determine benefits of early intervention in neonates with symptomatic micrognathia who underwent bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis within the first 90 days of life as relates to growth, need for supportive care, and further invasive procedures.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care, academic children's hospital.

Testosterone, obesity and insulin resistance in young males: evidence for an association between gonadal dysfunction and insulin resistance during puberty.

Objective: To assess the relationships among obesity, insulin sensitivity, and testosterone in pubertal boys.

Participants: This study included 20 lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) males, the majority of whom underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (n=16).

Methods: Glucose disposal (M value), serum testosterone, and body mass index (BMI) z-score were measured.

Loss of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease exhibits a threshold on the association with coronary heart disease.

Background: A number of epidemiologic studies were published that looked at the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontal disease. However, debate exists about whether this association is a true relationship or simply an example of an uncontrolled confounder. This retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between periodontal disease and CHD.

Postdeployment traumatic brain injury screening questions: Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values in returning soldiers.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of Post-Deployment Health Assessment traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening questions employed by the Department of Defense (DOD).

Participants: Complete data was obtained from 3,072 soldiers upon return from a 15-month deployment to Iraq.

Method: Comparisons were made between responses to the DOD four-item screener and a brief structured clinical interview for likely deployment-related TBI history.

Traumatic brain injury and psychiatric diagnoses in veterans seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment.

Objectives: Explore the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment and the association between TBI and psychiatric diagnoses.

Main Measure: The Ohio State University TBI identification method (OSU TBI-ID) was administered to veterans with positive TBI-4 screens; substance-related and psychiatric diagnoses were extracted from the medical record.

Participants: : Over an 18-month period, 247 veterans completed the TBI-4.

Neuropsychological test performance in soldiers with blast-related mild TBI.

This exploratory study was conducted to increase understanding of neuropsychological test performance in those with blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The two variables of interest for their impact on test performance were presence of mTBI symptoms and history of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Forty-five soldiers postblast mTBI, 27 with enduring mTBI symptoms and 18 without, completed a series of neuropsychological tests.

Description of outpatient utilization and costs in group of veterans with traumatic brain injury.

In an attempt to increase understanding regarding the nonacute healthcare needs of veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI), we examined the outpatient utilization and cost patterns of 72 patients with TBI who were at least 4 years postinjury. We selected participants from a clinical database of veterans receiving care at a western Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. We extracted data from national utilization databases maintained by the VA and examined data from primary care and internal medicine, psychiatry and substance use, rehabilitation, and other services (e.

Kinetics and determining factors of the virologic response to antiretrovirals during pregnancy.

HIV-infected pregnant women with undetectable plasma HIV RNA concentrations at delivery pose a minimal risk of vertical transmission. We studied the kinetics and the determinants of the virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in 117 consecutive pregnancies. Patients who initiated therapy during pregnancy had a VL decrease of 2 and 2.

Utility of the trauma symptom inventory for the assessment of post-traumatic stress symptoms in veterans with a history of psychological trauma and/or brain injury.

Correspondence of three core Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scales (Intrusive Experiences, Defensive Avoidance, and Anxious Arousal) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV) PTSD module were examined among 72 veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI), PTSD, or both conditions. Subjects were classified into PTSD only, TBI only, or co-occurring PTSD and TBI groups based on TBI assessment and SCID-IV PTSD diagnosis. Linear regression was used to model TSI T-Scores as a function of group.

The effects of epidural betamethasone on blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To determine the effects of lumbosacral transforaminal and caudal epidural betamethasone injections on blood glucose levels in diabetic subjects. The hypothesis is that epidural steroid injections result in transient elevation of blood glucose levels in diabetic subjects.

Design: This is a prospective, observational cohort.

Inositol and mannose utilization rates in term and late-preterm infants exceed nutritional intakes.

Nonglucose carbohydrates such as mannose and inositol are important in early growth and development, although little is known about their metabolism. Our aim in this study was to determine the plasma appearance rates (Ra) for mannose and inositol in newborns as an index of utilization and as an improved guide to supplementation practices. We studied late-preterm (n = 9) and term (n = 5) infants (median 34 wk gestation, range 33-41 wk) using a multiple isotope infusion start time protocol to determine Ra for each carbohydrate.

An exploratory study of neuroimaging, neurologic, and neuropsychological findings in veterans with traumatic brain injury and/or posttraumatic stress disorder.

Seventy-two veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or both participated in assessment procedures to evaluate between group differences. Half the sample was randomly selected for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurologic examinations were conducted using the Neurologic Rating Scale (NRS).

Phenotypic and functional characterization of HIV-1-specific CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells in early and chronic HIV-1 infection.

Objective: CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells represent a poorly characterized population of effector T cells found at low frequencies in the peripheral blood. Virus-specific DP T cells have been identified in HIV-1-infected patients but their origin, relationship to conventional CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells, and role in disease pathogenesis are unclear.

Methods: In this study, peripheral blood T cells were analyzed for cytokine production, maturation, and cytolytic marker expression by polychromatic flow cytometry in subjects with both early (n = 27) and chronic (n = 21) HIV-1 infection.

Psychiatric hospitalization and veterans with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective study.

Objective: To determine risk factors for psychiatric hospitalization after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans. SUBJECTS AND PROCEDURES: Medical records of 96 veterans with histories of TBI (17 mild, 33 moderate, and 46 severe) were reviewed for information concerning psychiatric history, including hospitalization and substance misuse.

Results: Subjects with a history of problematic drug and alcohol use had a significantly higher probability of psychiatric hospitalization than those without such a history.

Plasma concentrations of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols in term newborns after milk feeding.

Nonglucose carbohydrates such as galactose, mannose, and inositol play a clinically important role in fetal and neonatal nutrition, though little is known about their metabolism in the neonate. The aim of this study was to determine whether postprandial changes in plasma carbohydrate and sugar alcohol concentrations are affected by clinical variables such as postnatal age (PNA), milk type, feeding volume, or feeding duration in term newborns. Neonates (n = 26) taking intermittent enteral feedings were enrolled.