Impact of clinical guidance and rapid molecular pathogen detection on evaluation and outcomes of febrile or hypothermic infants.

Objective: To quantify the impact of clinical guidance and rapid respiratory and meningitis/encephalitis multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing on the management of infants.

Design: Before-and-after intervention study.

Setting: Tertiary-care children's hospital.

APE2 is required for ATR-Chk1 checkpoint activation in response to oxidative stress.

The base excision repair pathway is largely responsible for the repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. However, it remains unclear how the DNA damage checkpoint is activated by oxidative stress at the molecular level. Here, we provide evidence showing that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) phosphorylation in an ATR [ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related]-dependent but ATM-independent manner in Xenopus egg extracts.

WD40-repeat protein WDR18 collaborates with TopBP1 to facilitate DNA damage checkpoint signaling.

The genomes of all living organisms are exposed to a wide spectrum of insults. To maintain genomic integrity, eukaryotes have evolved an elaborate surveillance mechanism - DNA damage checkpoint signaling - to detect damaged DNA and to arrest cell cycle progression, allowing time to process and repair DNA damage. TopBP1 plays multiple roles in the regulation of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.

Study of the DNA damage checkpoint using Xenopus egg extracts.

On a daily basis, cells are subjected to a variety of endogenous and environmental insults. To combat these insults, cells have evolved DNA damage checkpoint signaling as a surveillance mechanism to sense DNA damage and direct cellular responses to DNA damage. There are several groups of proteins called sensors, transducers and effectors involved in DNA damage checkpoint signaling (Figure 1).