Myofiber hypertrophy adaptations following 6 weeks of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction in untrained males and females.

The effects of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on hypertrophy of type I/II myofibers remains unclear, especially in females. The purpose of the present study is to examine changes in type I/II myofiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and muscle CSA (mCSA) of the vastus lateralis (VL) from before (Pre) to after (Post) 6 wk of high-load resistance training (HL; = 15, 8 females) and low-load resistance training with BFR ( = 16, 8 females). Mixed-effects models were used to analyze fCSA with group (HL, BFR), sex (M, F), fiber type (I, II), and time (Pre, Post) included as factors.

Long-term trends in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the UK: insights from the British Heart Foundation statistical compendium.

The British Heart Foundation's (BHF) annual statistical compendium is a comprehensive source of accessible epidemiological data in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the UK. Using datasets with multiple years of data from the compendium we have analysed trends in mortality, morbidity, and treatment for CVD within the UK. CVD mortality in the UK has consistently declined over recent decades, from 1045 deaths per 100 000 in 1969, shortly after the BHF was founded, to 255 per 100 000 in 2019.

Loaded Inter-set Stretching for Muscular Adaptations in Trained Males: Is the Hype Real?

The study examined the effects of adding a loaded stretch in the inter-set rest period (ISS) compared to traditional resistance training (TR) on muscular adaptations in resistance-trained males. Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (ISS: n=12; TR: n=14) and underwent an 8-week training regimen. Subjects in ISS underwent an additional loaded stretch for 30 s at 15% of their working load from the prior set during the inter-set rest periods.

Does Varying Repetition Tempo in a Single-Joint Lower Body Exercise Augment Muscle Size and Strength in Resistance-Trained Men?

Pearson, J, Wadhi, T, Barakat, C, Aube, D, Schoenfeld, BJ, Andersen, JC, Barroso, R, Ugrinowitsch, C, and De Souza, EO. Does varying repetition tempo in a single-joint lower body exercise augment muscle size and strength in resistance-trained men? J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2162-2168, 2022-This study compared the effects of FAST and SLOW eccentric repetition tempo in a single exercise volume-matched intervention on muscle thickness (MT) and strength in resistance-trained men. Using a within-subject design, 13 subjects had each leg randomly assigned to SLOW (1-0-3) or FAST (1-0-1) repetition tempo.

Progressive Resistance Training Volume: Effects on Muscle Thickness, Mass, and Strength Adaptations in Resistance-Trained Individuals.

Aube, D, Wadhi, T, Rauch, J, Anand, A, Barakat, C, Pearson, J, Bradshaw, J, Zazzo, S, Ugrinowitsch, C, and De Souza, EO. Progressive resistance training volume: effects on muscle thickness, mass, and strength adaptations in resistance-trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 600-607, 2022-This study investigated the effects of 12-SET, 18-SET, and 24-SET lower-body weekly sets on muscle strength and mass accretion.

Detecting large deletions at base pair level by combining split read and paired read data.

Background: Genomic structural variants (SV) play a significant role in the onset and progression of cancer. Genomic deletions can create oncogenic fusion genes or cause the loss of tumor suppressing gene function which can lead to tumorigenesis by downregulating these genes. Detecting these variants has clinical importance in the treatment of diseases.

In vivo pump-probe optical coherence tomography imaging in Xenopus laevis.

Currently, optical coherence tomography (OCT), is not capable of obtaining molecular information often crucial for identification of disease. To enable molecular imaging with OCT, we have further developed a technique that harnesses transient changes in light absorption in the sample to garner molecular information. A Fourier-domain Pump-Probe OCT (PPOCT) system utilizing a 532 nm pump and 830 nm probe has been developed for imaging hemoglobin.

Agonistic anti-ICAM-1 antibodies in scleroderma: activation of endothelial pro-inflammatory cascades.

Background: Scleroderma (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disorder that can be characterised by the presence 2of circulating autoantibodies to nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell surface antigens. In particular antibodies directed against endothelial cell antigens (anti-endothelial cell antibodies; AECA) have been detected. ICAM-1 is an adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of human endothelial cells.

Acute and chronic exposure to shear stress have opposite effects on endothelial permeability to macromolecules.

Endothelial properties are affected by mechanical stresses. Several studies have shown that an acute application of shear stress increases the permeability of endothelial monolayers in culture. We investigated whether more prolonged application of shear has the opposite effect.

Endothelial progenitor cells--an evolving story.

The first description of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in 1997 led rapidly to substantial changes in our understanding of angiogenesis, and within 5 years to the first clinical studies in humans using bone marrow derived EPC to enhance coronary neovascularisation and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. However, to improve the success of this therapy a clearer understanding of the biology of EPC is needed. This article summarises recent data indicating that most EPC are not, in fact, endothelial progenitors but can be better described as angiogenic monocytes, and explores the implications this has for their future therapeutic use.

Plasma from patients with sepsis up-regulates the expression of CD49d and CD64 on blood neutrophils.

An excessive interaction of blood neutrophils with microvascular walls may underlie the organ failure of sepsis. In this study, flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate whether plasma from 22 patients with sepsis altered the expression of the adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD11b, CD49d, and CD62L) on normal blood neutrophils and enhanced their binding to cultured endothelium. Most of the plasma samples from patients with sepsis increased the percentage of neutrophils bearing CD49d (86% samples versus 22% normal plasma samples; P < 0.

Maternal serum soluble adhesion molecule levels at 11+0-13+6 weeks and subsequent development of pre-eclampsia.

Objectives: We sought to examine whether the maternal serum concentration of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) at 11+0-13+6 weeks of gestation could improve the prediction for subsequent development of pre-eclampsia.

Methods: A nested case-control prospective study of pregnancies having uterine artery Doppler routinely at 11+0-13+6 weeks of gestation was conducted to determine the maternal serum concentration of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in peripheral blood samples obtained from 18 women who later developed pre-eclampsia and 60 unaffected women.

Results: The mean uterine artery pulsatility index was higher (2.

Endogenous endothelin-1 signaling contributes to type I collagen and CCN2 overexpression in fibrotic fibroblasts.

Fibrosis is excessive scarring caused by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and is a common end pathway in many chronic diseases. Endothelin-1 is a possible contributor to the persistent fibrotic phenotype of fibroblasts isolated from fibrotic lesions. In this report we used a specific dual endothelin A/B receptor antagonist, bosentan, to determine the role of endogenous endothelin signaling in maintaining the profibrotic phenotype of lung fibroblasts from scleroderma patients.