Publications by authors named "Jeremy Liu"
Purpose: In eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD), we separately quantified the hyperreflective foci (HRF) along the retinal pigment epithelium (rpeHRF) and the intraretinal HRF (iHRF) to determine if the location of the HRF predicted the progression from iAMD to the onset of large persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs).
Design: Post hoc subgroup cohort analysis of a prospective study.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospective natural history database of eyes with AMD imaged using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between geographic atrophy (GA) progression and change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over 4 years and to identify factors associated with faster BCVA loss.
Design: Secondary analysis of 2 randomized controlled clinical trials.
Participants: Age-Related Eye Diseases Study (AREDS) and AREDS2 participants with GA secondary to nonexudative age-related macular degeneration.
Tractional Retinoschisis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Imaged With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
January 2025
Tractional retinoschisis (TRS) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) may be differentiated from tractional retinal detachment (TRD) by its characteristically nonprogressive course. The purpose of the current study was to describe the use of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in the diagnosis and monitoring of TRS secondary to PDR. Retrospective, consecutive case series of patients with TRS secondary to PDR are featured.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Spectral-domain OCT angiography (SD-OCTA) scans were used in an algorithm developed for swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) scans to determine if SD-OCTA scans yielded similar results for the measurement of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD).
Design: Retrospective study.
Participants: Forty eyes from 35 patients with iAMD.
Article Synopsis
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) features large choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs), which are bright lesions detected via optical coherence tomography (OCT) and indicate loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
- Large hyperTDs tend to persist over time, making them critical for understanding the progression from intermediate to late-stage atrophic AMD and useful as endpoints in clinical trials for potential therapies.
- In a study monitoring 202 AMD eyes for nearly 47 months, a vast majority (99.6%) of the large hyperTDs remained persistent, while only a few showed non-persistence, mainly due to changes in the RPE and retinal area where the hyperTDs were present.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of spectral-domain OCT angiography (SD-OCTA) and swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) in detecting and measuring persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs) in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- A total of 32 patients underwent both imaging techniques, and the results showed a high level of agreement in the number and size of hyperTDs, with correlation coefficients of 0.969 and 0.999.
- While there were some statistically significant differences in measurements, these differences were not clinically meaningful, indicating that SD-OCTA can serve as a reliable alternative to SS-OCTA for evaluating hyperTDs.
Longitudinal SS-OCT choroidal imaging following thrombosis of the superior ophthalmic vein.
Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep
December 2024
Purpose: To report longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness and the choroidal vasculature using SS-OCT imaging in a patient with superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT).
Observations: In a 93-year-old woman with a left-sided SOVT, the choroid in the left eye was thickened and the choroidal vessels were dilated both superiorly and inferiorly, with greater changes evident in the inferotemporal region of the choroid. After the superior ophthalmic vein was decompressed, a decrease in the choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel dilatation was observed both superiorly and inferiorly.
Purpose: The association between the total macular burden of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in eyes with intermediate AMD (iAMD) and the onset of persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs) was studied using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).
Design: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a prospective study.
Methods: A retrospective review of iAMD eyes from subjects enrolled in a prospective SS-OCT study was performed.
Purpose: In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), choriocapillaris flow deficits (CCFDs) under soft drusen can be measured using established compensation strategies. This study investigated whether CCFDs can be quantified under calcified drusen (CaD).
Methods: CCFDs were measured in normal eyes (n = 30) and AMD eyes with soft drusen (n = 30) or CaD (n = 30).
Branch retinal artery occlusion in a 49-year-Old woman taking phentermine.
Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep
September 2024
Purpose: This report describes the presentation of a 49-year-old woman with a branch retinal artery occlusion of the right eye in the setting of taking phentermine, a commonly used weight loss medication.
Observations: A 49-year-old woman presented with acute painless vision loss in her right eye and was found to have a branch retinal artery occlusion after taking prescribed dosages of phentermine for weight loss therapy. Fundus examination revealed retinal whitening in the distribution of the superior temporal branch retinal artery, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated macular edema.
Purpose: Swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) scans of eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were used to replace color, autofluorescence, infrared reflectance, and dye-based fundus angiographic imaging for the diagnosis and staging of AMD. Through the use of different algorithms with the SS-OCTA scans, both structural and angiographic information can be viewed and assessed using both cross sectional and en face imaging strategies.
Design: Presented at the 2022 Charles L.
Purpose: An algorithm developed to obtain drusen area and volume measurements using swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) scans was tested on spectral-domain OCT angiography (SD-OCTA) scans.
Design: Retrospective study.
Participants: Forty pairs of scans from 27 eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration and drusen.
Ocular toxoplasmosis has a known, rare association with acute retinal artery occlusion (RAO). We describe a 21-year-old male who presented with acute focal toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis in the right eye treated with intravitreal clindamycin, intravitreal dexamethasone, and adjunct oral therapy for vision-threatening retinitis with subsequent quiescence. Nine months from his initial presentation, the patient presented with a branch RAO adjacent to an inactive retinal scar in the right eye.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Choroidal changes before and after anti-VEGF therapy were investigated in eyes with exudative AMD to determine if there was a difference between eyes with macular neovascularization (MNV) that arises from the choroid (type 1 or 2) versus the retinal circulation (type 3).
Methods: Patients with treatment-naïve AMD were imaged with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography using a 12 × 12-mm scan pattern. The mean choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured within 5-mm and 11-mm fovea-centered circles before, at the onset of, and after anti-VEGF therapy.
Purpose: To evaluate and compare the detection of incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) and complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) assessed on OCT B-scans versus persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs) assessed by en face choroidal OCT images.
Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
Participants: Patients with late atrophic age-related macular degeneration imaged on the same day using both Spectralis OCT and Cirrus OCT.
Purpose: The impact of cataracts on the measurement of macular choriocapillaris flow deficits (CC FDs) was assessed by comparing the quantitative results before and after cataract surgery using an image quality algorithm developed for swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) scans and a validated strategy for quantifying the CC FDs.
Methods: SS-OCTA image quality scores and CC FDs measurements within the fovea-centered 1-mm, 3-mm, and 5-mm diameter circles were compared before and after cataract surgery. CC FDs changes in a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid were further investigated.
Purpose: Correlations between low luminance visual acuity deficits (LLVADs) and central choriocapillaris perfusion deficits were investigated to help explain how increases in LLVAD scores at baseline predict annual growth rates of geographic atrophy (GA).
Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.
Methods: Photopic luminance best-corrected visual acuity (PL-BCVA) and low luminance BCVA (LL-BCVA) were measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart.
Background: Persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) is a rare idiopathic chorioretinopathy characterized by choriocapillaris (CC) hypoperfusion. In a case of PPM, we quantified CC flow deficits (FDs) over time and observed an increase in CC perfusion as the visual acuity and outer photoreceptor anatomy improved.
Case Presentation: A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with PPM in both eyes based on the patient's clinical presentation and imaging.
Purpose: To determine if macular reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) were associated with markers of impaired macular choroidal perfusion, we investigated measurements of macular choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits (FDs), CC thickness, and mean choroidal thickness (MCT) in eyes with macular RPD compared with normal eyes and eyes with soft drusen.
Methods: Eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) and normal eyes underwent 6 × 6 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging to diagnose macular RPD, occupying over 25% of the fovea-centered 5 mm diameter circle, and measure outer retinal layer (ORL) thickness, CC FDs, CC thickness, MCT, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) using previously published strategies within the same fovea-centered 5 mm circle.
Results: Ninety eyes were included; 30 normal eyes, 30 eyes with soft drusen, and 30 eyes with macular RPD.
Purpose: The appearance and growth of persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs) detected on en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images from eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) were studied to determine if they could serve as novel clinical trial endpoints.
Design: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a prospective study.
Methods: Subjects with iAMD underwent 6 × 6 mm SS-OCT angiography imaging at their baseline and follow-up visits.
Qualitative and quantitative assessments of calcified drusen are clinically important for determining the risk of disease progression in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This paper reports the development of an automated algorithm to segment and quantify calcified drusen on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images. The algorithm leverages the higher scattering property of calcified drusen compared with soft drusen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate polyp size measurement is important for guideline conforming choice of polypectomy techniques and subsequent surveillance interval assignments. Some endoscopic tools (biopsy forceps [BF] or endoscopic rulers [ER]) exist to help with visual size estimation. A virtual scale endoscope (VSE) has been developed that allows superimposing a virtual measurement scale during live endoscopies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: A deep learning model was developed to detect nonexudative macular neovascularization (neMNV) using OCT B-scans.
Design: Retrospective review of a prospective, observational study.
Participants: Normal control eyes and patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with and without neMNV.
Purpose: Multimodal imaging was used to identify and characterize the cause of hyperpigmentation seen on color fundus images (CFIs) of eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD).
Design: Retrospective review of a prospective study.
Participants: Patients with iAMD.