Adherence to positive airway pressure therapy in patients with Down syndrome: assessing cloud based monitoring data.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in Down syndrome (DS) with many patients prescribed positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. This study evaluates PAP adherence and identifies factors influencing adherence.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic health records and cloud-based PAP therapy data from DS patients at Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA.

Ethnic/racial and sex disparities in obstructive sleep apnea among adolescents in southern California.

Study Objectives: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common; however, inclusion of adolescents and especially those of ethnic/racial minorities in research is scarce. We hypothesized that ethnic/racial minority adolescents undergoing polysomnography have higher prevalence and more severe OSA compared to those who are non-Hispanic (NH) White.

Methods: Retrospective review of 1,745 adolescents undergoing diagnostic polysomnography.

Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pediatric study protocol: Rationale, objectives and design.

Importance: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.

Observations: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative.

Association of body anthropometry and obstructive sleep apnea in children: Variations observed in Hispanic children.

Objectives: Obesity is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Childhood obesity rates vary amongst different ethnic groups. Here the interaction of Hispanic ethnicity and obesity on OSA risk was evaluated.

Evaluation of sleep medicine fellowship program websites.

Study Objectives: Sleep fellowship program websites likely serve as a preliminary source of information for prospective fellows. Arguably, applicants have likely become even more reliant on program websites during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions and social-distancing measures limiting in-person interviews. In this study, we evaluated the content and comprehensiveness of sleep medicine fellowship websites to identify areas of improvement.

Leveraging Electronic Health Records for Guideline-Based Asthma Documentation.

Background: Asthma is the most common pediatric chronic disease; thus, clinical guidelines have been developed for its assessment and management, which rely on systematic symptom documentation. Electronic health records (EHR) have the potential to record clinical data systematically; however, variability in documentation persists.

Objective: To identify if the use of a structured asthma template is associated with increased guideline-based asthma documentation and clinical outcomes when compared with the use of nonstructured ones.

Lower respiratory tract infections in early life are associated with obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis during childhood in a large birth cohort.

Study Objectives: Several birth cohorts have defined the pivotal role of early lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the inception of pediatric respiratory conditions. However, the association between early LRTI and the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children has not been established.

Methods: To investigate whether early LRTIs increase the risk of pediatric OSA, we analyzed clinical data in children followed during the first 5 years in the Boston Birth Cohort (n = 3114).

Defining the patterns of PAP adherence in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a clustering analysis using real-world data.

Study Objectives: The implementation of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy to treat obstructive sleep apnea in children is a complex process. PAP therapy data are highly heterogeneous in pediatrics, and the clinical management cannot be generalized. We hypothesize that pediatric PAP users can be subgrouped via clustering analysis to guide tailored interventions.

Chronic stress and asthma in adolescents.

Objective: First, to review and critically discuss published evidence on psychosocial stressors, stress, and asthma in adolescents and, then, discuss potential future directions in this field.

Data Sources: The data source is the National Library of Medicine (PubMed database).

Study Selections: A literature search was conducted for human studies on stressors or stress and asthma between 2000 and 2020.

Risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma in Puerto Rican children.

Background: Little is known about the risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma among children in Puerto Rico. We aimed to identify modifiable risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma in this vulnerable population.

Methods: Case-control study of children with (n = 305) and without (n = 327) asthma in San Juan (Puerto Rico).