Description and Demonstration of the Coupled Community Earth System Model v2 - Community Ice Sheet Model v2 (CESM2-CISM2).

Earth system/ice-sheet coupling is an area of recent, major Earth System Model (ESM) development. This work occurs at the intersection of glaciology and climate science and is motivated by a need for robust projections of sea-level rise. The Community Ice Sheet Model version 2 (CISM2) is the newest component model of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2).

An Efficient Ice Sheet/Earth System Model Spin-up Procedure for CESM2-CISM2: Description, Evaluation, and Broader Applicability.

Spinning up a highly complex, coupled Earth system model (ESM) is a time consuming and computationally demanding exercise. For models with interactive ice sheet components, this becomes a major challenge, as ice sheets are sensitive to bidirectional feedback processes and equilibrate over glacial timescales of up to many millennia. This work describes and demonstrates a computationally tractable, iterative procedure for spinning up a contemporary, highly complex ESM that includes an interactive ice sheet component.

Medication therapy management implementation, part 3: barriers and recommendations to overcome barriers.

As a required service of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, medication therapy management services must be offered by all Part D prescription drug-plan sponsors in order to improve overall knowledge of medication usage for targeted patients. Those targeted patients include patients who have multiple chronic diseases, have been prescribed several covered Part D medications, and are paying at least $4,000 for their medication each year. This article discusses some of the barriers and recommendations to overcome such barriers encountered by Indiana pharmacists.

Medication therapy management implementation, part 2: study methodologies, barriers, and recommendations to overcome barriers.

As a required service of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, medication therapy management services must be offered by all Part D prescription drug-plan sponsors in order to improve overall knowledge of medication usage for targeted patients. Those targeted patients include patients who have multiple chronic diseases, have been prescribed several covered Part D medications, and are paying at least $4,000 in medication each year. This article presents the methodolgy used by authors to conduct a study of Indiana pharmacists to determine pharmacists' attitudes and practices surrounding medication therapy management services.

Recommendations for overcoming barriers to medication therapy management implementation, part 1: review of literature.

As a required service of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, medication therapy management services must be offered by all Part D prescription drug plan sponsors in order to improve overall knowledge of medication usage for targeted patients. Those targeted patients include patients who have multiple chronic diseases, have been prescribed several covered Part D medications, and are paying at least $4,000 in out-of-pocket expenses for their medication each year. This article serves as a literature review of medication therapy management services and serves as an introduction to a study conducted by the authors concerning some of the barriers and recommendations to overcome such barriers encountered by Indiana pharmacists.

Communication with pharmacy technicians: how to reduce stress and improve pharmacy operations.

Analysis of interviews with certified pharmacy technicians revealed that they experience work-related stressors related to the need for accuracy, workload expansion, and customer interaction. Three types of supportive communication (i.e.