Pre-Catheterization Computed Tomography Angiography Aids in the Selection of Ductus Arteriosus Stent Length for Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow.

PDA stenting is increasingly utilized for patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow. Predicting optimal stent length prior to and during the intervention remains a challenge. The utility of pre-catheterization computed tomography angiography (CTA) to predict stent length was evaluated.

Exploring the Impact of Generation Status on Pharmacy Admissions: A Comparative Study of First-Generation and Continuing-Generation College Students.

Objective: First-generation college students (FGCSs) comprise a large demographic of health professions programs. Although FGCSs in pharmacy education have been studied, robust data describing FGCSs who pursue a Doctor of Pharmacy degree are sparse. The objective of this study was to describe the FGCS applicant population within pharmacy education from 2017 to 2023 and compare them with continuing-generation college student (CGCS) applicants.

Late Diagnosis of Residual Major Aortopulmonary Collateral in a Patient with Tetralogy of Fallot.

• Residual MAPCAs result in post-tricuspid shunt and PH. • Distinction between PH and conduit stenosis requires attention to TTE findings. • Management of complex adult CHD should be reserved for centers with expertise.

Left Atrial Hypertension and Respiratory Failure Requiring Venoarterial ECMO After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement.

A 33-year-old woman with aortic valve stenosis status-post Ross at age 6 years developed symptomatic right heart failure from right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit stenosis. Conduit rehabilitation and transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement resulted in acute left atrial hypertension and respiratory failure requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and atrial septal defect creation as a bridge to recovery.

One children's hospital planning and development process to adhere to the FDA recommendation that babies and young children undergo thyroid function testing after receiving an injection of iodine-containing contrast media for medical imaging.

The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued multiple statements and guidelines since 2015 on the topic of thyroid function testing in babies and children through 3 years old after receiving iodinated contrast media for medical imaging exams. In April 2023, the FDA adjusted this recommendation to target babies and young children younger than 4 years of age who have a history of prematurity, very low birth weight, or underlying conditions which affect thyroid gland function, largely in response to solid arguments from expert statements from the American College of Radiology (ACR) which is endorsed by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR), Pediatric Endocrinology Society (PES), and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Intervention (SCAI). Herein we describe our approach and development of a clinical care guideline along with the steps necessary for implementation of the plan including alterations in ordering exams requiring iodinated contrast media, automatic triggering of lab orders, reporting, and follow-up, to address the 2022 FDA guidance statement to monitor thyroid function in children after receiving iodinated contrast media.

The existence and strength of higher order interactions is sensitive to environmental context.

One strategy for understanding the dynamics of any complex system, such as a community of competing species, is to study the dynamics of parts of the system in isolation. Ecological communities can be decomposed into single species, and pairs of interacting species. This reductionist strategy assumes that whole-community dynamics are predictable and explainable from knowledge of the dynamics of single species and pairs of species.

Echocardiographic measured shunt velocity does not predict pulmonary blood flow in patients with Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt.

Introduction: Catheterisation is the gold standard used to evaluate pulmonary blood flow in patients with a Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt. It involves risk and cannot be performed frequently. This study aimed to evaluate if echocardiographic measurements obtained in a clinical setting correlate with catheterisation-derived pulmonary blood flow in patients with a Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt as the sole source of pulmonary blood flow.

Echocardiogram-Guided Balloon Valvuloplasty of the Aortic Valve in Neonates and Infants Reduces Contrast Exposure with Maintained Efficacy and Less Aortic Regurgitation.

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is performed in children with significant aortic stenosis (AS). Traditionally, contrast angiography measures the annulus and assesses aortic regurgitation (AR) after each dilation. Echocardiographic guidance is hypothesized to reduce contrast and radiation exposure, without compromising efficacy or safety.

How much does the typical ecological meta-analysis overestimate the true mean effect size?

Many primary research studies in ecology are underpowered, providing very imprecise estimates of effect size. Meta-analyses partially mitigate this imprecision by combining data from different studies. But meta-analytic estimates of mean effect size may still remain imprecise, particularly if the meta-analysis includes a small number of studies.

Decline effects are rare in ecology.

The scientific evidence base on any given topic changes over time as more studies are published. Currently, there is widespread concern about nonrandom, directional changes over time in the scientific evidence base associated with many topics. In particular, if studies finding large effects (e.

Elucidating the Roles of Maternal Overcontrol and Warmth in the Development of Childhood Anxiety and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Framework.

Studies have linked childhood anxiety and depression with parenting characterized by high control and low warmth. However, few studies have examined how control and warmth may work together to influence internalizing symptoms in children. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the moderating effect of warmth on the relationship between overcontrol and anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as whether negative thoughts serve as a mediator of these pathways.

Do Social Threat Cognitions Decrease With School-Based CBT and Predict Treatment Outcome in Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder?

Evidence suggests that Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is less responsive to cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) compared to other anxiety disorders. Therefore, exploring what might facilitate clinical benefit is essential. Social threat cognitions, characterized by exaggerated perceptions of negative evaluation by others, may be one important avenue to examine.

Experimental evolution of competing bean beetle species reveals long-term reversals of short-term evolution, but no consistent character displacement.

Interspecific competition for shared resources should select for evolutionary divergence in resource use between competing species, termed character displacement. Many purported examples of character displacement exist, but few completely rule out alternative explanations. We reared genetically diverse populations of two species of bean beetles, and , in allopatry and sympatry on a mixture of adzuki beans and lentils, and assayed oviposition preference and other phenotypic traits after four, eight, and twelve generations of (co)evolution.

Occasional long distance dispersal increases spatial synchrony of population cycles.

Spatially separated populations of the same species often exhibit correlated fluctuations in abundance, a phenomenon known as spatial synchrony. Dispersal can generate spatial synchrony. In nature, most individuals disperse short distances with a minority dispersing long distances.

Effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation on species coexistence.

Intraspecific variation can promote or inhibit species coexistence, both by increasing species' competitive abilities, and by altering the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Effects of intraspecific variation on coexistence can occur via complementarity of different variants, and via a selection effect: initially-variable populations are more likely to contain highly competitive variants that might determine the ability of the population as a whole to both invade and resist invasion. We tested the effects of intraspecific variation and composition on coexistence by assaying the mutual invasibility of populations of two competing bean weevil species (Callosobruchus maculatus and C.

C-MAC videolaryngoscopy: The anaesthetic assistant's view.

Although videolaryngoscopy plays a major role in the 2015 Difficult Airway Society guidelines, the impact on anaesthetic assistant working practices and training has not previously been reported. We surveyed anaesthetic assistants in our hospital to document their experience with using the C-MAC videolaryngoscope (48 practitioners, 100% response rate). Improvements in the following were reported: patient safety 100%; ability to see whether laryngoscopy is difficult 98%; ability to anticipate the 'next step' 98%; team-working and human factors 96%; ability to call a senior anaesthetist more quickly 94%; assessment or adjustment of cricoid force application 92%, understanding of laryngeal anatomy 92%; training in intubation 98%; training in cricoid force application 87%.

Population extinctions can increase metapopulation persistence.

Metapopulations persist when local populations are rapidly recolonized following local extinctions. Such persistence requires asynchrony; simultaneous crashes of all populations would leave no source of recolonization. We show theoretically and experimentally that catastrophic population extinctions themselves can promote metapopulation persistence, by preventing spatial synchrony and thus enhancing recolonization.

Coevolution of competing species does not stabilize coexistence.

Interspecific resource competition is expected to select for divergence in resource use, weakening interspecific relative to intraspecific competition, thus promoting stable coexistence. More broadly, because interspecific competition reduces fitness, any mechanism of interspecific competition should generate selection favoring traits that weaken interspecific competition. However, species also can adapt to competition by increasing their competitive ability, potentially destabilizing coexistence.

Moving forward in circles: challenges and opportunities in modelling population cycles.

Population cycling is a widespread phenomenon, observed across a multitude of taxa in both laboratory and natural conditions. Historically, the theory associated with population cycles was tightly linked to pairwise consumer-resource interactions and studied via deterministic models, but current empirical and theoretical research reveals a much richer basis for ecological cycles. Stochasticity and seasonality can modulate or create cyclic behaviour in non-intuitive ways, the high-dimensionality in ecological systems can profoundly influence cycling, and so can demographic structure and eco-evolutionary dynamics.

The relative importance of pollinator abundance and species richness for the temporal variance of pollination services.

The relationship between biodiversity and the stability of ecosystem function is a fundamental question in community ecology, and hundreds of experiments have shown a positive relationship between species richness and the stability of ecosystem function. However, these experiments have rarely accounted for common ecological patterns, most notably skewed species abundance distributions and non-random extinction risks, making it difficult to know whether experimental results can be scaled up to larger, less manipulated systems. In contrast with the prolific body of experimental research, few studies have examined how species richness affects the stability of ecosystem services at more realistic, landscape scales.

Assessing Clinical Improvement in School-Based Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder: Agreement Between Adolescents, Parents, and Independent Evaluators.

The Clinical Global Impressions of Improvement (CGI-I) scale is widely used in clinical trials to monitor clinically meaningful change during treatment. Although it is standard practice in research to have independent evaluators (IEs) complete the CGI-I, this approach is not practical in school and community settings. Few studies have explored the potential utility of other informants, such as youth and parents.

Can school counselors deliver cognitive-behavioral treatment for social anxiety effectively? A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) typically onsets in adolescence and is associated with multiple impairments. Despite promising clinical interventions, most socially anxious adolescents remain untreated. To address this clinical neglect, we developed a school-based, 12-week group intervention for youth with SAD, Skills for Academic and Social Success (SASS).