Publications by authors named "Jeremy Davis"

Background: Severe malaria is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation, and reversal of this deficit improves survival in murine models. Malaria might have selected for genetic polymorphisms that increase endothelial NO signaling and now contribute to heterogeneity in vascular function among humans. One protein potentially selected for is alpha globin, which, in mouse models, interacts with endothelial NOS (eNOS) to negatively regulate NO signaling.

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Nail unit verruca is the most common nail tumor encountered in clinical practice and may be highly distressing to patients due to reduced functionality, cosmesis, and stigmatization. Subungual and periungual verrucae present a challenge for treatment compared to cutaneous warts of other sites and recurrence rates are high. The risk of spread to other skin and mucosal areas inherent to all warts may be increased given location on the fingertips.

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Background: Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) is performed in carriers of CDH1 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and is becoming more frequent with broader use of germline genetic testing. There is an unmet need to standardize care and enhance outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for the prevention of gastric cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 150 individuals with germline CDH1 P/LP variants who underwent PTG as part of a prospective natural history study from October 2017 to May 2023.

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Background: The reliability and security of surgical knots play a critical role in wound closure and healing. A surgeon's knot, created by a modification of the square knot in which an extra 'twist' is added to the initial throw, is often used to increase friction and provide stability of the tissue as the knot is completed.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the security of sutures, as influenced by varying numbers of initial twists in a surgeon's knot.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study investigated how expanding performance validity tests (PVTs) from 4 to 8 might influence the misclassification rates of patients in neuropsychological assessments.
  • - A review of 443 patients revealed that while the failure rate of two PVTs did not significantly change with increased test length (12.9% to 11.9%), the actual failure rates were lower than those predicted by computer simulations.
  • - The results indicated that younger patients with better overall test performance were more likely to be misclassified as indeterminate performers (IDT), suggesting that previous simulations overestimated false positives, and highlighting the need for further research on how test length impacts classification accuracy.
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Total gastrectomy should be performed less often in germline CDH1 variant carriers based on mounting clinical evidence.

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Legumes are notorious for coevolutionary arms races where chemical defenses are employed to ward off herbivores-particularly insect seed predators. Locoweeds are legumes containing the toxic alkaloid swainsonine which can poison livestock, but its role as a deterrent for insects is unknown. Swainsonine is produced by the fungal endophyte Alternaria section Undifilum, and the chemical composition of the toxin has been well characterized.

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Background: Extrahepatic biliary neuroendocrine tumors (EBNETs) are rare. We aimed to characterize EBNETs including factors associated with survival.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with EBNETs from 2004 to 2016.

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Objective: We examined the performance validity test (PVT) security risk presented by artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots asking questions about neuropsychological evaluation and PVTs on two popular generative AI sites.

Method: In 2023 and 2024, multiple questions were posed to ChatGPT-3 and Bard (now Gemini). One set started generally and refined follow-up questions based on AI responses.

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Background: Treatment of advanced liver tumors remains challenging. Although immune checkpoint inhibition has revolutionized treatment for many cancers, responses in colorectal liver metastases and biliary tract cancers remain suboptimal. Investigation into additional immunomodulatory therapies for these cancers is needed.

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Background: Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (MACA) follows a complex disease course with variable survival. Large-scale predictive modeling may determine subtle yet important prognostic factors otherwise unseen in smaller cohort analyses.

Methods: Patients with MACA were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Research Plus database (2005-2019).

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Importance: Approximately 1% to 3% of gastric cancers and 5% of lobular breast cancers are hereditary. Loss of function CDH1 gene variants are the most common gene variants associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Previously, the lifetime risk of gastric cancer was estimated to be approximately 25% to 83% and for breast cancer it was estimated to be approximately 39% to 55% in individuals with loss of function CDH1 gene variants.

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Article Synopsis
  • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a severe genetic disorder resulting from AIRE deficiency, leading to self-reactive T cells causing autoimmune damage in various organs.
  • The study investigated the role of interferon-γ in APS-1 by analyzing patient samples and conducting experiments with mice, finding that high levels of interferon-γ correlate with disease activity.
  • Treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib significantly reduced interferon-γ levels and improved symptoms in APS-1 patients, suggesting that targeting this pathway may be a viable therapeutic approach.
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Cidofovir, an antiviral drug approved for cytomegalovirus retinitis, has emerged as an alternative treatment option for virally induced cutaneous and mucocutaneous conditions, as well as being trialed as a treatment for select neoplasms. In this review, we highlight the existing evidence, clinical uses, and rationale of using cidofovir for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies. A PubMed database literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for inclusion in this review.

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There is a high unmet need for early detection approaches for diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). We examined whether the stool proteome of mouse models of gastric cancer (GC) and individuals with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) have utility as biomarkers for early detection. Proteomic mass spectrometry of the stool of a genetically engineered mouse model driven by oncogenic KrasG12D and loss of p53 and Cdh1 in gastric parietal cells [known as Triple Conditional (TCON) mice] identified differentially abundant proteins compared with littermate controls.

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  • The linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), made up of HOIP, HOIL-1, and SHARPIN, is crucial for immune responses, with deficiencies leading to severe issues like immunodeficiency and autoinflammation.
  • Two individuals with SHARPIN deficiency exhibited autoinflammatory symptoms but did not have the expected skin problems seen in other cases, and their cells showed reduced immune responses.
  • Treatment with anti-TNF therapies successfully resolved the autoinflammatory symptoms in one case, highlighting LUBAC's important role in managing immune cell death and maintaining immune balance in humans.
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Physicians place significant weight on the distinction between acts and omissions. Most believe that autonomous refusals for procedures, such as blood transfusions and resuscitation, ought to be respected, but they feel no similar obligation to accede to requests for treatment that will, in the physician's opinion, harm the patient (e.g.

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  • Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an incurable cancer that arises from B cells in the germinal center and is characterized by genetic changes and a restructured lymphoid microenvironment to evade the immune system.
  • The interactions between tumor B cells and their surrounding microenvironment are believed to influence the varying clinical outcomes in FL patients, yet current clinical tools fail to accurately predict these behaviors.
  • In a study involving FL patients in a clinical trial, researchers identified specific tumor characteristics and microenvironmental patterns, such as stromal desmoplasia, that are linked to early relapse, indicating potential markers for high-risk patients.
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  • Germline CDH1 mutations significantly increase the risk of developing diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancers, with risk estimates of up to 70% for men and 56% for women by age 80.
  • Prophylactic total gastrectomy is proposed as a potential life-saving option for carriers, since traditional endoscopic methods often miss early-stage gastric cancer.
  • The review explores the debate surrounding aggressive surgical interventions, weighing the benefits against possible contraindications and risks in certain clinical situations.
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The European Lead Factory (ELF) is a consortium of universities and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dedicated to drug discovery, and the pharmaceutical industry. This unprecedented consortium provides high-throughput screening, triage, and hit validation, including to non-consortium members. The ELF library was created through a novel compound-sharing model between nine pharmaceutical companies and expanded through library synthesis by chemistry-specialized SMEs.

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Primary liver cancer (PLC) consists of two main histological subtypes; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The role of transcription factors (TFs) in malignant hepatobiliary lineage commitment between HCC and iCCA remains underexplored. Here, we present genome-wide profiling of transcription regulatory elements of 16 PLC patients using single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing.

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Background: Surgical subspecialty training aims to meet the needs of practicing surgeons and their communities. This study investigates career preparedness of Complex General Surgical Oncology (CGSO) fellowship graduates, identifies factors associated with practice readiness, and explores potential opportunities to improve the current training model.

Methods: The Society of Surgical Oncology partnered with the National Cancer Institute to conduct a 36-question survey of CGSO fellowship graduates from 2012 to 2022.

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More than 90% of individuals with germline pathogenic CDH1 variants will harbor occult, microscopic foci of signet ring cell carcinomas capable of progressing to advanced diffuse-type gastric cancer. Here, we present a protocol for high viability suspension of signet ring cells from human gastric tissue. We describe the steps for gastric mucosa isolation and tissue dissociation.

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