Esophagitis as a complication of the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab for advanced endometrial cancer: A case report.

Background: Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). It is used in the management and treatment of various oncologic conditions. To name a few: refractory and advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), renal cell carcinoma and gastric cancer.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Arising in a Salivary Sebaceous Lymphadenoma.

Background: Lymphadenomas are rare benign tumors of the major salivary glands that are further classified as sebaceous and non-sebaceous. No association with viruses has been reported so far. Little is known about the mechanisms that allow lymphadenomas to undergo malignant transformation.

Programmable self-regulated molecular buffers for precise sustained drug delivery.

Unlike artificial nanosystems, biological systems are ideally engineered to respond to their environment. As such, natural molecular buffers ensure precise and quantitative delivery of specific molecules through self-regulated mechanisms based on Le Chatelier's principle. Here, we apply this principle to design self-regulated nucleic acid molecular buffers for the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and the antimalarial agent quinine.

Learning curve for completely thoracoscopic anatomic sublobar resection.

Background: Minimally invasive anatomic sublobar resection is increasingly being considered as an alternative to lobectomy in selected cases. However, this remains a technically challenging procedure and only 5 studies evaluating learning curves have been published to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate a single surgeon's learning curve for completely thoracoscopic anatomic sublobar resection.

RB1, p16, and Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

While P16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established surrogate marker of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) loss may lead to p16 overexpression in the absence of HPV. We determined the proportion of p16-positive/HPV-negative OSCC with RB1 loss and other alterations in RB1/p16 pathway, and tested RB1 IHC as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC, along with the 8th edition of AJCC staging manual. P16 and RB1 IHC and HPV DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed on 257 OSCC.

Sebaceous Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma With Aggressive Behavior and Evidence of Preexisting Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCA) is a rare low-grade carcinoma of the salivary glands with multiple morphological variants. One such variant, sebaceous EMCA (SEMCA), has been reported in the literature. Distinguishing it from other tumors such as sebaceous carcinoma is crucial, as SEMCA typically behaves more indolently.

Heat production during pulmonary artery sealing with energy vessel-sealing devices in a swine model.

Objectives: Energy vessel-sealing devices are being increasingly utilized to seal pulmonary artery (PA) branches during lobectomy. Heat from these devices can potentially injure surrounding tissues. We evaluated heat production from devices in a live animal model.

Periapical Cyst and Odontogenic Remnants on Osseous Mandibulectomy Margins: Two Diagnostic Pitfalls.

In this article, we describe 2 high-stake diagnostic pitfalls that occurred in a single patient having undergone partial glossectomy and marginal mandibulectomy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Margins were grossly uninvolved. Histopathology showed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Measuring Depth of Invasion in Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue: Positive Deep Margin, Extratumoral Perineural Invasion, and Other Challenges.

The 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC 8th) staging manual incorporated depth of invasion (DOI) into pT stage of oral cavity cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize several histological findings that may complicate measurement of DOI in early conventional squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oral tongue: (1) lack of or minimal residual carcinoma following biopsy; (2) positive deep margin; (3) extratumoral perineural invasion (PNI); and (4) lymphatic or vascular invasion. Conventional SCC of the oral tongue (n = 407) with the largest dimension of ≤ 4 cm and with a negative elective cervical lymph node dissection (pN0) were reviewed.

: An Unusual Cause of Septic Abortion.

, the only oxidase-positive Enterobacteriaceae, is an inhabitant of freshwater and estuary ecosystems. We report the first possible case of -induced septic abortion. This 24-year-old female was successfully treated by dilatation and curettage as well as antimicrobial therapy.

Cutaneous Apocrine Carcinoma With an In Situ Component and Histiocytoid and Signet-Ring Cells.

We present a case of cutaneous apocrine carcinoma arising in the axilla of a 71-year-old man. The tumor had a significant component of histiocytoid and signet-ring cells as well as in situ carcinoma within the apocrine glands. The cells expressed GATA3, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, androgen receptor, and E-cadherin.

Suboptimal use of pelvic lymph node dissection: Differences in guideline adherence between robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy.

Introduction: Our aim was to assess adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at the time of either robot-assisted (RARP) or open radical prostatectomy (ORP).

Methods: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database and focused on localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients who were treated with either RARP or ORP between October 2008 and December 2009. Categorical and multivariable logistic regression analyses targeted two endpoints: 1) probability of guideline-recommended PLND; and 2) probability of no PLND, when not guideline-recommended.

Differences in Patient Characteristics among Men Choosing Open or Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Contemporary Practice - Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.

Objective: To examine characteristics of robot-assisted (RARP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP) patients.

Patients And Methods: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked database and focused on prostate cancer patients between 2008 and 2009. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, we predicted RARP.

Pulmonary Artery Sealing With an Ultrasonic Energy Device in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy: An Animal Survival Study.

Background: Pulmonary artery (PA) sealing in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is typically accomplished using vascular endostaplers. Endostaplers may be associated with iatrogenic PA branch injury, especially in short, small PA branches. We evaluated PA branch sealing with the HARMONIC ACE +7 (ACE) shears (Ethicon, Cincinnati, OH) in VATS lobectomy in a canine survival model.

Spindle Cell Epithelioma of the Vagina: Report of Two Cases, Literature Review, and New Immunohistochemical Markers.

Spindle cell epitheliomas of the vagina are rare benign tumors of uncertain histogenesis. It has been hypothesized that they originate from a pluripotent cell population. Here, we report 2 cases of spindle cell epitheliomas of the vagina.

BMP-2 functions independently of SHH signaling and triggers cell condensation and apoptosis in regenerating axolotl limbs.

Background: Axolotls have the unique ability, among vertebrates, to perfectly regenerate complex body parts, such as limbs, after amputation. In addition, axolotls pattern developing and regenerating autopods from the anterior to posterior axis instead of posterior to anterior like all tetrapods studied to date. Sonic hedgehog is important in establishing this anterior-posterior axis of limbs in all tetrapods including axolotls.