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Aortic valve replacement is the common treatment of choice for severe aortic valve insufficiency (AI). AI is often caused by aortic root dilatation which leads to valve incompetence despite structurally normal valve leaflets. For this condition, aortic repair surgery with ring annuloplasty is considered a potentially superior option.

Development of Peptide-Based Probes for Molecular Imaging of the Postsynaptic Density in the Brain.

The postsynaptic density (PSD) comprises numerous scaffolding proteins, receptors, and signaling molecules that coordinate synaptic transmission in the brain. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is a master scaffold protein within the PSD and one of its most abundant proteins and therefore constitutes a very attractive biomarker of PSD function and its pathological changes. Here, we exploit a high-affinity inhibitor of PSD-95, AVLX-144, as a template for developing probes for molecular imaging of the PSD.

PhyloNext: a pipeline for phylogenetic diversity analysis of GBIF-mediated data.

Background: Understanding biodiversity patterns is a central topic in biogeography and ecology, and it is essential for conservation planning and policy development. Diversity estimates that consider the evolutionary relationships among species, such as phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemicity indices, provide valuable insights into the functional diversity and evolutionary uniqueness of biological communities. These estimates are crucial for informed decision-making and effective global biodiversity management.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-targeted PET imaging in non-oncology application: a pilot study in preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation often indicates a disruptive signal to lipid metabolism, the physiological alteration of which may be implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of [Ga]DOTA-PARPi PET to detect hepatic PARP expression in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for a 12-week period to establish preclinical NASH models.

The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered.

UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes.

Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling.

PROTOCOL: Performance pay and employee health: A systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The main objective of the review is to answer the following research question: What is the effect of performance pay on employee health?

Structure-activity relationship of pyrazol-4-yl-pyridine derivatives and identification of a radiofluorinated probe for imaging the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M.

There is an accumulating body of evidence implicating the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M) in schizophrenia and dementia with Lewy bodies, however, a clinically validated M positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand is currently lacking. As such, the aim of this study was to develop a suitable M PET ligand that allows the non-invasive visualization of M in the brain. Structure-activity relationship studies of pyrazol-4-yl-pyridine derivates led to the discovery of target compound a subtype-selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM).

Automatic Fungi Recognition: Deep Learning Meets Mycology.

The article presents an AI-based fungi species recognition system for a citizen-science community. The system's real-time identification too - FungiVision - with a mobile application front-end, led to increased public interest in fungi, quadrupling the number of citizens collecting data. FungiVision, deployed with a human-in-the-loop, reaches nearly 93% accuracy.

Optimization and Evaluation of AlF Labeling Using a NOTA-or RESCA1-Conjugated AE105 Peptide Antagonist of uPAR.

Fluorine-18 displays almost ideal decay properties for positron emission tomography (PET) and allows for large scale production. As such, simplified methods to radiolabel peptides with fluorine-18 are highly warranted. Chelation of aluminium fluoride-18 toward specific peptides represents one method to achieve this.

Localized malignant mesothelioma in the stomach and mediastinum.

Localized malignant mesothelioma is rare. It has a histological pattern identical to diffuse malignant mesothelioma but without diffuse serosal spread. Localized malignant mesothelioma typically originates from the pleura, peritoneum or pericardium, but can occasionally develop from organs.

[Hyperlactataemia].

It is a common but flawed presumption that blood lactate reflects the lactic acid production in the body's tissues. Lactate is formed directly from pyruvate and functions to dampen reductions in intracellular pH through lactate-H+ cotransport to the extracellular space. Though this may give rise to elevated blood lactate, increased lactate production is not the cause of metabolic acidosis in such instances.

Exercise Testing, Physical Training and Fatigue in Patients with Mitochondrial Myopathy Related to mtDNA Mutations.

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation chain and impair energy production in cells throughout the human body. Primary mitochondrial disorders due to mtDNA mutations can present with symptoms from adult-onset mono-organ affection to death in infancy due to multi-organ involvement. The heterogeneous phenotypes that patients with a mutation of mtDNA can present with are thought, at least to some extent, to be a result of differences in mtDNA mutation load among patients and even among tissues in the individual.

Evaluation of [Cu]Cu-NOTA-PEG-H-Tz for Pretargeted Imaging in LS174T Xenografts-Comparison to [In]In-DOTA-PEG-BisPy-Tz.

Pretargeted nuclear imaging for the diagnosis of various cancers is an emerging and fast developing field. The tetrazine ligation is currently considered the most promising reaction in this respect. Monoclonal antibodies are often the preferred choice as pretargeting vector due to their outstanding targeting properties.

Fluorine-18 labeled aldehydes as prosthetic groups for oxime coupling with a FVIIa protein.

New F-labeled nonvolatile aldehyde prosthetic groups derived from [ F]F-Py-TFP and spirocyclic iodonium (III)ylide precursors for late stage F-labeling were developed. These precursors were characterized, F-labeled, and compared in reactivity for oxime coupling. Oxime coupling was performed on an amino-oxy modified inhibited factor VII (FVIIai-ONH ) in low concentration to prove the applicability of the proposed method.

The Taxon Hypothesis Paradigm-On the Unambiguous Detection and Communication of Taxa.

Here, we describe the taxon hypothesis (TH) paradigm, which covers the construction, identification, and communication of taxa as datasets. Defining taxa as datasets of individuals and their traits will make taxon identification and most importantly communication of taxa precise and reproducible. This will allow datasets with standardized and atomized traits to be used digitally in identification pipelines and communicated through persistent identifiers.

Mutation Load of Single, Large-Scale Deletions of mtDNA in Mitotic and Postmitotic Tissues.

It is generally accepted that patients with chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia caused by single large-scale deletion (SLD) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) only harbor mutation in skeletal and eye muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the level of heteroplasmy of mtDNA deletions in mitotic tissues of patients displaying mtDNA deletion of mitotic tissues in patients with SLDs and pure muscle phenotype. MtDNA mutation load was studied in three mitotic (urine epithelial cells, buccal mucosa, and blood) and one postmitotic (skeletal muscle) tissues in 17 patients with SLDs of mtDNA and pure muscle involvement.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training and Deconditioning on Oxidative Capacity and Muscle Mitochondrial Enzyme Machinery in Young and Elderly Individuals.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be involved in age-related loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). Since the degree of physical activity is vital for skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and content, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training and 8 weeks of deconditioning on functional parameters of aerobic capacity and markers of muscle mitochondrial function in elderly compared to young individuals. In 11 healthy, elderly (80 ± 4 years old) and 10 healthy, young (24 ± 3 years old) volunteers, aerobic training improved maximal oxygen consumption rate by 13%, maximal workload by 34%, endurance capacity by 2.

Preserved Capacity for Adaptations in Strength and Muscle Regulatory Factors in Elderly in Response to Resistance Exercise Training and Deconditioning.

Aging is related to an inevitable loss of muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms behind age-related loss of muscle tissue are not fully understood but may, among other things, be induced by age-related differences in myogenic regulatory factors. Resistance exercise training and deconditioning offers a model to investigate differences in myogenic regulatory factors that may be important for age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.

Quantitative electromyography: Normative data in paraspinal muscles.

Background: Quantitative electromyography of paraspinal muscle is a valuable diagnostic tool, but normative data are lacking.

Methods: Needle electromyography (EMG) was obtained in 65 healthy subjects (49% men, 51% women) aged 21 to 82 years at C7, Th10, and L5 segments bilaterally. The incidence of spontaneous activity; motor unit potential (MUP) amplitudes, durations, and the incidence of polyphasic potentials; and the recruitment pattern at maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were evaluated.

Aerobic Exercise Training in Patients With mtDNA-Related Mitochondrial Myopathy.

In patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation, a pathogenic mtDNA mutation is heteroplasmically distributed among tissues. The ratio between wild-type and mutated mtDNA copies determines the mtDNA mutation load of the tissue, which correlates inversively with oxidative capacity of the tissue. In patients with mtDNA mutation, the mutation load is often very high in skeletal muscle compared to other tissues.

Palbociclib in combination with simvastatin induce severe rhabdomyolysis: a case report.

Background: Palbociclib is a selective well-tolerated antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of advanced HER2-negative, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer that has shown significant improvement in progression-free survival. We present a patient that developed severe rhabdomyolysis with tetra-affection and loss of gait after initiating the first cycle of Palbociclib concomitantly with Simvastatin 40 mg treatment.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer developed tetraparesis and near fatal rhabdomyolysis after initiation of first cycle Palbociclib.