Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy Augmentation on Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia.

Objective: This retrospective case series study of the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) augmentation on clozapine-resistant schizophrenia was conducted by EMR review.

Methods: Clozapine-resistance was defined as persistent psychotic symptoms despite at least 12 weeks of clozapine administration with blood levels over 350 ng/mL in order to rule out pseudo-resistance. Seven in-patients who were taking clozapine and treated with ECT were selected.

The use of 3 sugammadex out of 5 reversal of during recovery of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in a patient with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: a case report.

Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) is the most frequent complication of tonsillectomy, and occasionally results in a lethal outcome. A 21-year-old man (height 180 cm, weight 95 kg) was scheduled for a bilateral tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. He required 5 rounds of general anesthesia due to recurrent PTH.

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention for rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement in the Korean population: a meta-analysis of 41 studies including 4,742 subjects.

Background: We purposed to systemically review studies investigating the prophylactic effect of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities against rocuronium induced withdrawal movement (RIWM) in the Korean population.

Methods: Literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Koreamed, KMBASE, KISS and RISS up to March 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions with placebo aimed for the Korean population were included.

Effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning on systemic inflammatory response and survival rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation model.

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and postconditioning (RpostC) have protective effects on ischemia and reperfusion injury. The effects have been reported to activate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and attenuate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and subsequently reduce systemic inflammation. Ischemic preconditioning prevented inflammatory responses by modulating HO-1 expression in endotoxic shock model.

The effect of hand dominance on neuromuscular monitoring at the adductor pollicis muscle.

Background: Neuromuscular blockade of the adductor pollicis muscle may be influenced by hand dominance resulting in conflicting results of several studies. The current study examined whether hand dominance could influence the measurements of neuromuscular blockade with acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis.

Methods: The acceleromyographic responses from 0.

How should we monitor pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? -A case report-.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and contracture, and special care during anesthesia is needed in these patients. Because inhalational anesthetics and succinylcholine can cause fatal results, intravenous anesthetics are commonly used. However, monitorings for the pediatric population are not otherwise specified.

Emergence cerebral oxygen desaturation without hemodynamic compromise in pediatric patients.

Background: The regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) decreases significantly during ordinary anesthetic recovery in pediatric patients anesthetized with sevoflurane or desflurane. The present study examined the relationship between rSO(2) and the clinical parameters associated with the degree of anesthetic recovery.

Methods: Twelve pediatric patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 were assigned randomly to receive anesthesia with sevoflurane or desflurane.

Hypocapnia attenuates, and nitrous oxide disturbs the cerebral oximetric response to the rapid introduction of desflurane.

The aim of this study was to develop a nonlinear mixed-effects model for the increase in cerebral oximetry (rSO(2)) during the rapid introduction of desflurane, and to determine the effect of hypocapnia and N(2)O on the model. Twelve American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status class 1 and 2 subjects were allocated randomly into an Air and N(2)O group. After inducing anesthesia, desflurane was then increased abruptly from 4.

How much are patients willing to pay for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting?

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a common complication of anesthesia. We tried to assess the amount patients were willing to pay for a hypothetical antiemetic that would completely prevent PONV.

Methods: Trained residents interviewed 86 patients, who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia, and questionnaires were completed.

Pulmonary edema during hysteroscopic surgery: Three cases report.

Hysteroscopic surgery has become a routine gynecologic procedure. The advantages are associated with more accurate removal of lesion, its short operating time, rapid post-operative recovery and low morbidity. However, there are potentially serious complications which can be occured during and following hysteroscopic surgery.

Difficult endotracheal intubation due to an undiagnosed epiglottic cyst :A case report.

An epiglottic cyst is a common form of laryngeal cysts which are rare causes of upper airway obstruction. A congenital laryngeal cyst always causes neonatal respiratory distress, but an acquired cyst shows very wide spectrum of symptoms such as no specific complaints, dysphagia, respiratory difficulty, or even death according to its size, location, or age. From anesthesiologists' point of view, an asymptomatic undiagnosed laryngeal cyst is a major concern.

Response of cerebral oximetry to increase in alveolar concentration of desflurane: effect of remifentanil and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity.

Background: It is known that sympathetic stimulation and increase in cerebral blood flow velocity can be induced by desflurane. Cerebral oxygen balance could be disturbed during desflurane induction. Aim of this study was to elucidate that cerebral oxygen imbalance induced by desflurane mask induction can be reduced by combination of remifentanil and hypocapnia.

Factors affecting difficult lightwand intubation: a prospective double-blind trial.

Background: Unanticipated difficulties during tracheal intubation are related to perioperative morbidity and mortality, but the success of direct laryngoscopic intubation depends largely on clinician's experience and the upper airway anatomy. The lightwand was introduced as alternative intubation technique, but the indicators of difficult lightwand intubation (DLWI) have not been identified. Accordingly authors conducted this study to identify subject factors that affect DLWI, and to compare these with those of difficult laryngoscopic intubation.