Comparison of Antibacterial Activities of Korean Pine () Needle Steam Distillation Extract on and Focusing on Membrane Fluidity and Genes Involved in Membrane Lipids and Stress.

The antibacterial activity and mechanism of extracts against and were investigated. The growth inhibition tests of paper diffusion and optical density exhibited that the extracts have potent antibacterial potentials against foodborne pathogens. The measurement of membrane fluidity by fluorescence polarization has indicated that one of the antibacterial mechanisms involves the disruption of membrane integrity resulting in an increase in the membrane fluidity in both of and .