Fabrication of liraglutide-encapsulated triple layer hyaluronic acid microneedles (TLMs) for the treatment of obesity.

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that is prevalent worldwide, causing complications that affect the quality of life and longevity of humans. Currently, the low bioavailability upon subcutaneous injection of an appetite suppressant, liraglutide, and health problems in the locally injected region remain to be overcome. In this study, we developed a novel hyaluronic acid-based liraglutide-encapsulated triple-layer microneedle (TLM) as a painless and patient-friendly long-term drug delivery system.

Egg Microneedle for Transdermal Delivery of Active Liraglutide.

Liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, is promising for safely treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), compared to insulin, by significantly reducing the risk of glucose-dependent hypoglycemia. Concerns related to injection prevent T2DM patients from taking liraglutide regularly, even though once-a-day subcutaneous (SC) injections. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are promising substitutes for SC injection and for improving patient convenience.