The effect of visual field condition on kinetic in upper extremities and e.m.g in lower extremities while performing reaching in normal adults.

[Purpose] The aims of this study was to investigate mean velocity and angle of shoulder joint, activation of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius according to both eyes, dominant eye and non-dominant eye condition during reaching task in normal adults. [Subjects and Methods] Our research recruited 24 participants (male 11, female 13) in Silla University. Participants were performed reaching out movement by conditions of both eye, dominants eye, non-dominants eye.

The effects of stretching exercise for upper trapezius on the asymmetric rate of bite force.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of stretching the upper trapezius muscle on the asymmetric rate of bite force. [Subjects] Forty-seven female university students who had all their original teeth, had no disorders in the temporomandibular joints, and had never worn braces; participated in this study. [Methods] An occlusometer was used to measure biting forces.

Effects of combined exercise on changes of lower extremity muscle activation during walking in older women.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of combined exercise for a period of 12 weeks on the changes in lower extremity muscle activation during walking in older women. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 22 elderly women who were 65 years of age or older and living in B-City. The subjects had no nervous system or muscular system diseases that might affect walking in the previous two years.

The effects of elbow joint angle changes on elbow flexor and extensor muscle strength and activation.

[Purpose] This research investigated the relationship between elbow joint angle and elbow flexor and extensor strength and activation, taking into consideration the length-tension tension curve of the muscle. [Subjects] There were 30 research subjects in total, 15 male and 15 female college students from Busan S University who had no functional disabilities that might affect measurement of muscle strength and muscle activation, and none had they experienced any damage in their upper extremities or hands. [Methods] The elbow joint angles were positioned at angles of 56°, 70° and 84°, and then muscle strength and activation were compared.

The effects of active scapular protraction on the muscle activation and function of the upper extremity.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of adjusting the scapula into its ideal position through active scapular protraction on the muscle activation and function of the upper extremity. [Subjects] Twenty female college students aged 19-21 without any physical or functional disability were the subjects of this study. They had no history of injury to their upper extremities or hands.