The reduced net carbon uptake over Northern Hemisphere land causes the close-to-normal CO growth rate in 2021 La Niña.

La Niña climate anomalies have historically been associated with substantial reductions in the atmospheric CO growth rate. However, the 2021 La Niña exhibited a unique near-neutral impact on the CO growth rate. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms by using an ensemble of net CO fluxes constrained by CO observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 in conjunction with estimates of gross primary production and fire carbon emissions.

Enhance seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO by the changing Southern Ocean carbon sink.

The enhanced seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO has been viewed so far primarily as a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. Yet, analyses of atmospheric CO records from 49 stations between 1980 and 2018 reveal substantial trends and variations in this amplitude globally. While no significant trends can be discerned before 2000 in most places, strong positive trends emerge after 2000 in the southern high latitudes.

Spatiotemporal variations in urban CO flux with land-use types in Seoul.

Background: Cities are a major source of atmospheric CO; however, understanding the surface CO exchange processes that determine the net CO flux emitted from each city is challenging owing to the high heterogeneity of urban land use. Therefore, this study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of urban CO flux over the Seoul Capital Area, South Korea from 2017 to 2018, using CO flux measurements at nine sites with different urban land-use types (baseline, residential, old town residential, commercial, and vegetation areas).

Results: Annual CO flux significantly varied from 1.

Contributions of economic growth, terrestrial sinks, and atmospheric transport to the increasing atmospheric CO concentrations over the Korean Peninsula.

Background: Understanding a carbon budget from a national perspective is essential for establishing effective plans to reduce atmospheric CO growth. The national characteristics of carbon budgets are reflected in atmospheric CO variations; however, separating regional influences on atmospheric signals is challenging owing to atmospheric CO transport. Therefore, in this study, we examined the characteristics of atmospheric CO variations over South and North Korea during 2000-2016 and unveiled the causes of their regional differences in the increasing rate of atmospheric CO concentrations by utilizing atmospheric transport modeling.

Enhanced regional terrestrial carbon uptake over Korea revealed by atmospheric CO measurements from 1999 to 2017.

Understanding changes in terrestrial carbon balance is important to improve our knowledge of the regional carbon cycle and climate change. However, evaluating regional changes in the terrestrial carbon balance is challenging due to the lack of surface flux measurements. This study reveals that the terrestrial carbon uptake over the Republic of Korea has been enhanced from 1999 to 2017 by analyzing long-term atmospheric CO concentration measurements at the Anmyeondo Station (36.

Influence of winter precipitation on spring phenology in boreal forests.

Understanding the variations in spring vegetation phenology associated with preseason climate conditions can significantly improve our knowledge on ecosystem dynamics and biosphere-atmosphere interactions. Recent studies have shown that wet winters can delay the start date of the vegetation growing season (SOS) in the high latitudes. However, associated underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of observation sites as well as complex interactions between various climate and ecosystem variables.